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2 Samuel

About this book
Chapter 7

1 The king settled into his palace, for the Lord gave him relief from all his enemies on all sides. 2 The king said to Nathan the prophet, “Look! I am living in a palace made from cedar, while the ark of God sits in the middle of a tent.”⁠ 3 Nathan replied to the king, “You should go and do whatever you have in mind, for the Lord is with you.” 4 That night the Lord’s message came to Nathan, 5 “Go, tell my servant David, ‘This is what the Lord has said: Do you really intend to build a house for me to live in?⁠ 6 I have not lived in a house from the time I brought the Israelites up from Egypt to the present day. Instead, I was traveling with them and living in a tent. 7 Wherever I moved among all the Israelites, I did not say to any of their leaders whom I appointed to care for my people Israel, “Why have you not built me a house made from cedar?”’ 8 “So now, say this to my servant David, ‘This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: I took you from the pasture and from your work as a shepherd to make you leader of my people Israel. 9 I was with you wherever you went, and I defeated all your enemies before you. Now I will make you as famous as the great men of the earth. 10 I will establish a place for my people Israel and settle them there; they will live there and not be disturbed anymore. Violent men will not oppress them again, as they did in the beginning⁠ 11 and during the time when I appointed judges to lead my people Israel. Instead, I will give you relief from all your enemies.⁠ The Lord declares to you that he himself will build a dynastic house for you. 12 When the time comes for you to die, I will raise up your descendant, one of your own sons, to succeed you, and I will establish his kingdom.⁠ 13 He will build a house for my name,⁠ and I will make his dynasty permanent. 14 I will become his father and he will become my son.⁠ When he sins, I will correct him with the rod of men and with wounds inflicted by human beings.⁠ 15 But my loyal love will not be removed from him as I removed it from Saul, whom I removed from before you.⁠ 16 Your house and your kingdom will stand before me permanently; your dynasty will be permanent.’” 17 Nathan told David all these words that were revealed to him. 18 King David went in, sat before the Lord, and said, “Who am I, O Sovereign Lord, and what is my family, that you should have brought me to this point? 19 And you didn’t stop there, O Lord God! You have also spoken about the future of your servant’s family. Is this your usual way of dealing with men, O Sovereign Lord? 20 What more can David say to you? You have given your servant special recognition, O Sovereign Lord! 21 For the sake of your promise and according to your purpose you have done this great thing in order to reveal it to your servant. 22 Therefore you are great, O Sovereign Lord, for there is none like you. There is no God besides you! What we have heard is true. 23 Who is like your people, Israel, a unique nation on the earth? Their God went to claim a nation for himself and to make a name for himself!⁠ You did great and awesome acts for your land, before your people whom you delivered for yourself from the Egyptian empire and its gods. 24 You made Israel your very own people for all time. You, O Lord, became their God. 25 So now, O Lord God, make this promise you have made about your servant and his family a permanent reality. Do as you promised, 26 so you may gain lasting fame, as people say, ‘The Lord of Heaven’s Armies is God over Israel!’ The dynasty of your servant David will be established before you, 27 for you, O Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the God of Israel, have told your servant, ‘I will build you a dynastic house.’ That is why your servant has had the courage to pray this prayer to you. 28 Now, O Sovereign Lord, you are the true God. May your words prove to be true! You have made this good promise to your servant. 29 Now be willing to bless your servant’s dynasty so that it may stand permanently before you, for you, O Sovereign Lord, have spoken. By your blessing may your servant’s dynasty be blessed from now on into the future!”

Texts in conversation

Compare 2 Samuel 7:10 and Ezekiel 34:28

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Ezekiel 34 takes language from the Davidic covenant in 2 Samuel 7, especially the promise that Israel will live securely and not be disturbed, and reshapes it into a future vision of national restoration.

Passages

2 Samuel 7:10

Hebrew Bible
8 “So now, say this to my servant David, ‘This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: I took you from the pasture and from your work as a shepherd to make you leader of my people Israel. 9 I was with you wherever you went, and I defeated all your enemies before you. Now I will make you as famous as the great men of the earth. 10 I will establish a place for my people Israel and settle them there; they will live there and not be disturbed anymore. Violent men will not oppress them again, as they did in the beginning 11 and during the time when I appointed judges to lead my people Israel. Instead, I will give you relief from all your enemies. The Lord declares to you that he himself will build a dynastic house for you.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Samuel

Ezekiel 34:28

Hebrew Bible
25 “‘I will make a covenant of peace with them and will rid the land of wild beasts, so that they can live securely in the wilderness and even sleep in the woods. 26 I will turn them and the regions around my hill into a blessing. I will make showers come down in their season; they will be showers that bring blessing. 27 The trees of the field will yield their fruit and the earth will yield its crops. They will live securely on their land; they will know that I am the Lord, when I break the bars of their yoke and rescue them from the hand of those who enslaved them. 28 They will no longer be prey for the nations, and the wild beasts will not devour them. They will live securely, and no one will make them afraid. 29 I will prepare for them a healthy planting. They will no longer be victims of famine in the land and will no longer bear the insults of the nations.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ezekiel

References

"... Davidic Covenant is an important theme in the Old Testament. The first occurrence of this theme is in 2 Samuel 7:1–16. Since “no text is an island”, David appears again in the text of Ezekiel 34:23–31 as the promised ruler in a restored Israel. The divine restoration that God promises to his people putting the Davidic King at the center of God’s plan suggests the dependency of the text of Ezekiel on that of Samuel. The influence of the text of 2 Samuel 7 on that of Ezekiel 34 cannot be established based on isolated single or individual elements. However, the discussion in this paper shows that the two texts have numerous affinities, including literary, theological, and conceptual aspects. The text of Ezekiel emphasizes that the promise of restoration will come to realization under the leadership of the future ruler, David. The connections between Ezekiel 34:23–31 and 2 Samuel 7:1–16 are clear to the point that we might suggest that the text of 2 Samuel 7:1–16 had influence on the text of Ezekiel 34:23–31 ..."
Victor Lonu Budha, “The Davidic Covenant in Ezekiel 34:23–31: Influence of 2 Samuel 7:1–16,” European Journal of Literature, Language and Linguistics Studies 4.3 (2020): 140–164.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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2 Samuel 7:10 and Ezekiel 34:28

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