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Ezekiel

About this book
Chapter 29

1 In the tenth year, in the tenth month, on the twelfth day of the month, the Lord’s message came to me: 2 “Son of man, turn toward Pharaoh king of Egypt and prophesy against him and against all Egypt. 3 Tell them, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: “‘Look, I am against you, Pharaoh king of Egypt, the great monster lying in the midst of its waterways, who has said, “My Nile is my own, I made it for myself.”⁠ 4 I will put hooks in your jaws and stick the fish of your waterways to your scales. I will haul you up from the midst of your waterways, and all the fish of your waterways will stick to your scales. 5 I will leave you in the wilderness, you and all the fish of your waterways; you will fall in the open field and will not be gathered up or collected. I have given you as food to the beasts of the earth and the birds of the skies.⁠ 6 Then all those living in Egypt will know that I am the Lord⁠ because they were a reed staff for the house of Israel; 7 when they grasped you with their hand, you broke and tore their shoulders, and when they leaned on you, you splintered and caused their legs to be unsteady. 8 “‘Therefore, this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to bring a sword against you, and I will kill every person and every animal. 9 The land of Egypt will become a desolate ruin. Then they will know that I am the Lord. “‘Because he said, “The Nile is mine and I made it,” 10 I am against you and your waterways. I will turn the land of Egypt into an utter desolate ruin from Migdol to Syene, as far as the border with Ethiopia. 11 No human foot will pass through it, and no animal’s foot will pass through it; it will be uninhabited for 40 years. 12 I will turn the land of Egypt into a desolation in the midst of desolate lands; for 40 years her cities will lie desolate in the midst of ruined cities. I will scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them among foreign countries.⁠ 13 “‘For this is what the Sovereign Lord says: At the end of 40 years I will gather Egypt from the peoples where they were scattered.⁠ 14 I will restore the fortunes of Egypt and will bring them back to the land of Pathros, to the land of their origin; there they will be an insignificant kingdom. 15 It will be the most insignificant of the kingdoms; it will never again exalt itself over the nations. I will make them so small that they will not rule over the nations. 16 It will never again be Israel’s source of confidence, but a reminder of how they sinned by turning to Egypt for help. Then they will know that I am the Sovereign Lord.’” 17 In the twenty-seventh year, in the first month, on the first day of the month, the Lord’s message came to me: 18 “Son of man, King Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon made his army labor hard against Tyre. Every head was rubbed bald and every shoulder rubbed bare; yet he and his army received no wages from Tyre for the work he carried out against it. 19 Therefore this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to give the land of Egypt to King Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon. He will carry off her wealth, capture her loot, and seize her plunder; it will be his army’s wages. 20 I have given him the land of Egypt as his compensation for attacking Tyre, because they did it for me, declares the Sovereign Lord. 21 On that day I will make Israel powerful, and I will give you the right to be heard among them. Then they will know that I am the Lord.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 19:22 and Ezekiel 29:13

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah 19 describes Egypt struck by God yet later healed, turning toward God and sharing blessing with Israel and Assyria. Ezekiel follows this pattern by portraying Egypt restored after judgment, expanding the idea of who can belong to God’s people.

Passages

Isaiah 19:22

Hebrew Bible
20 It will become a visual reminder in the land of Egypt of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. When they cry out to the Lord because of oppressors, he will send them a deliverer and defender who will rescue them. 21 The Lord will reveal himself to the Egyptians, and they will acknowledge the Lord’s authority at that time. They will present sacrifices and offerings; they will make vows to the Lord and fulfill them. 22 The Lord will strike Egypt, striking and then healing them. They will turn to the Lord, and he will listen to their prayers and heal them. 23 At that time there will be a highway from Egypt to Assyria. The Assyrians will visit Egypt, and the Egyptians will visit Assyria. The Egyptians and Assyrians will worship together. 24 At that time Israel will be the third member of the group, along with Egypt and Assyria, and will be a recipient of blessing in the earth.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Ezekiel 29:13

Hebrew Bible
11 No human foot will pass through it, and no animal’s foot will pass through it; it will be uninhabited for 40 years. 12 I will turn the land of Egypt into a desolation in the midst of desolate lands; for 40 years her cities will lie desolate in the midst of ruined cities. I will scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them among foreign countries. 13 “‘For this is what the Sovereign Lord says: At the end of 40 years I will gather Egypt from the peoples where they were scattered. 14 I will restore the fortunes of Egypt and will bring them back to the land of Pathros, to the land of their origin; there they will be an insignificant kingdom. 15 It will be the most insignificant of the kingdoms; it will never again exalt itself over the nations. I will make them so small that they will not rule over the nations.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ezekiel

References

"... The oracles against the nations in Jeremiah are remarkable in their repeated reference to the nations as God’s “daughter” (Jeremiah 46:11, 19, 24; 48:18; 49:4; 50:42; compare Isaiah 23:12; 47:1). Israel is referred to in such terms, of course (Jeremiah 6:23; 18:13; 31:4, 21), but it is theologically significant that Israelites are not the only people who are considered to be the children of God. These references are testimony to God as Creator of all people; as such, God as parent is concerned about the welfare of all of God’s children, not just God’s elect. And that divine concern will be manifested not only in terms of judgment but in terms of salvation (in the broadest sense of the term). God will even so act on behalf of the Egyptians, who are, ironically, called “my people” (Isaiah 19:20-25; compare Jeremiah 46:26; Ezekiel 29:13-14); other nations come into the view of such a promise as well (Jeremiah 48:47; 49:6, 39). All peoples are God’s children and God’s choice of Israel is ultimately for the sake of every one of these children ..."
Terence E. Fretheim, God and World in the Old Testament: A Relational Theology of Creation (Nashville: Abingdon, 2005), 228.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 19:22 and Ezekiel 29:13

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