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Ezekiel

About this book
Chapter 14

1 Then some men from Israel’s elders came to me and sat down in front of me. 2 The Lord’s message came to me: 3 “Son of man, these men have erected their idols in their hearts and placed the obstacle leading to their iniquity right before their faces. Should I really allow them to seek me? 4 Therefore speak to them and say to them, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: When anyone from the house of Israel erects his idols in his heart and sets the obstacle leading to his iniquity before his face, and then consults a prophet, I, the Lord, am determined to answer him personally according to the enormity of his idolatry. 5 I will do this in order to capture the hearts of the house of Israel, who have alienated themselves from me on account of all their idols.’ 6 “Therefore say to the house of Israel, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Return! Turn from your idols, and turn your faces away from your abominations. 7 For when anyone from the house of Israel, or the resident foreigner who lives in Israel, separates himself from me and erects his idols in his heart and sets the obstacle leading to his iniquity before his face, and then consults a prophet to seek something from me, I, the Lord, am determined to answer him personally. 8 I will set my face against that person and will make him an object lesson and a byword and will cut him off from among my people. Then you will know that I am the Lord. 9 “‘As for the prophet, if he is made a fool by being deceived into speaking a prophetic word—I, the Lord, have made a fool of that prophet, and I will stretch out my hand against him and destroy him from among my people Israel. 10 They will bear their punishment; the punishment of the one who sought an oracle will be the same as the punishment of the prophet who gave it 11 so that the house of Israel will no longer go astray from me, nor continue to defile themselves by all their sins. They will be my people, and I will be their God, declares the Sovereign Lord.’” 12 The Lord’s message came to me: 13 “Son of man, suppose a country sins against me by being unfaithful and I stretch out my hand against it, cut off its bread supply,⁠ cause famine to come on it, and kill both people and animals. 14 Even if these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they would save only their own lives by their righteousness, declares the Sovereign Lord.⁠ 15 “Suppose I were to send wild animals through the land and kill its children, leaving it desolate, without travelers due to the wild animals. 16 Even if these three men were in it, as surely as I live, declares the Sovereign Lord, they could not save their own sons or daughters; they would save only their own lives, and the land would become desolate. 17 “Or suppose I were to bring a sword against that land and say, ‘Let a sword pass through the land,’ and I were to kill both people and animals. 18 Even if these three men were in it, as surely as I live, declares the Sovereign Lord, they could not save their own sons or daughters—they would save only their own lives. 19 “Or suppose I were to send a plague into that land and pour out my rage on it with bloodshed, killing both people and animals. 20 Even if Noah, Daniel, and Job were in it, as surely as I live, declares the Sovereign Lord, they could not save their own son or daughter; they would save only their own lives by their righteousness. 21 “For this is what the Sovereign Lord says: How much worse will it be when I send my four terrible judgments—sword, famine, wild animals, and plague—to⁠ Jerusalem to kill both people and animals! 22 Yet some survivors will be left in it, sons and daughters who will be brought out. They will come out to you, and when you see their behavior and their deeds, you will be consoled about the catastrophe I have brought on Jerusalem—for everything I brought on it. 23 They will console you when you see their behavior and their deeds, because you will know that it was not without reason that I have done everything that I have done in it, declares the Sovereign Lord.”

Texts in conversation

Compare KTU 1.17 V:8 and Ezekiel 14:14

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

The Daniel whom Ezekiel 14 names beside Noah and Job may be Danel from the Tale of Aqhat, a just ruler who mourns that he has no son, making a respected foreign figure part of the prophet's standard.

Passages

KTU 1.17 V:8

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
[…] […] I will bring a bow […] […] arrows. And lo, on the seventh day, then Danel, the man of healing, then the hero, the devotee of Hrnm, rises and sits at the entrance of the gate, beneath the nobles who are on the threshing floor. He judges the case of the widow, he decides the cause of the orphan. When he lifts his eyes, he sees: at a thousand fields, ten thousand acres, the coming of Kothar; he looks, and he sees the striding of Hasis. He brings a bow; look, […] […] arrows. Then Danel, the man of healing, then the hero, the devotee of Hrnm, calls aloud to his wife: “Listen, lady Danatay, prepare a lamb from the flock for the appetite of Kothar- wa-Hasis, for the hunger of Hayyin, skilled of hand. Feed, give drink to
1350–1185 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in KTU

Ezekiel 14:14

Hebrew Bible
12 The Lord’s message came to me: 13 “Son of man, suppose a country sins against me by being unfaithful and I stretch out my hand against it, cut off its bread supply, cause famine to come on it, and kill both people and animals. 14 Even if these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they would save only their own lives by their righteousness, declares the Sovereign Lord. 15 “Suppose I were to send wild animals through the land and kill its children, leaving it desolate, without travelers due to the wild animals. 16 Even if these three men were in it, as surely as I live, declares the Sovereign Lord, they could not save their own sons or daughters; they would save only their own lives, and the land would become desolate.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ezekiel

References

“... Other traditional forms of prayer are embedded with Ugaritic literary texts, such as requests for blessing, whether from a god (KTU 1.17 I 23–24; SAC 35; see also KTU 1.108.18–27) or from another human being (KTU 1.19 IV 32–33, SAC 54; cf. Gen. 48:15–16, 20). Divine blessing is likewise a staple of the Psalms (5:13[12]; 28:9; 29:11; 45:3[2]; 67:7–8[6–7]; 72:17; 107:38; 109:28; 115:12–13, 15; 128:5; 134:3; 147:13). The lament genre in the Psalms, an extended form of prayer that includes a complaint stating what the speaker lacks, can also be found embedded in the Ugaritic literary contexts (see Pardee 2012: 107). In the Baal Cycle, for example, the god Baal laments that he has no house like his brethren (KTU 1.3 IV 46–53, SAC 123; KTU 1.4 I 4–18, SAC 126; KTU 1.4 IV 50-57, SAC 131), and Aqhat describes the lament of the hero Danil that he has no son like his kin (KTU 1.17 I 16–22, SAC 35). Parenthetically, this Danil is thought to be the Canaanite antecedent to the figure of Daniel mentioned in Ezek. 14:14, 20 and 28:3 (and the namesake of Daniel in the biblical book named after him). The children of King Kirta lament their father’s life-threatening illness (KTU 1.16 I 12–23, SAC 87–88; KTU 1.16 II 33–49, SAC 89–90), an occasional source of lament also in the Psalter (6:3[2]; 38:4[3], 6[5]; 41:4–5[3–4]). ...”
Mark S. Smith, “Canaanite Backgrounds to the Psalms,” in The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms, ed. William P. Brown (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 46.

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KTU 1.17 V:8 and Ezekiel 14:14

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