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Ezekiel

About this book
Chapter 13

1 Then the Lord’s message came to me: 2 “Son of man, prophesy against the prophets of Israel who are now prophesying. Say to the prophets who prophesy from their imagination: ‘Listen to the Lord’s message! 3 This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Woe to the foolish prophets who follow their own spirit but have seen nothing! 4 Your prophets have become like jackals among the ruins, O Israel. 5 You have not gone up in the breaks in the wall, nor repaired a wall for the house of Israel that it would stand strong in the battle on the day of the Lord. 6 They see delusion and their omens are a lie. They say, “The Lord declares,” though the Lord has not sent them; yet they expect their word to be confirmed. 7 Have you not seen a false vision and announced a lying omen when you say, “The Lord declares,” although I myself never spoke? 8 “‘Therefore, this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Because you have spoken false words and forecast delusion, look, I am against you, declares the Sovereign Lord. 9 My hand will be against the prophets who see delusion and announce lying omens. They will not be included in the council of my people, nor be written in the registry of the house of Israel, nor enter the land of Israel. Then you will know that I am the Sovereign Lord. 10 “‘This is because they have led my people astray saying, “All is well,” when things are not well.⁠ When anyone builds a wall without mortar, they coat it with whitewash.⁠ 11 Tell the ones who coat it with whitewash that it will fall. When there is a deluge of rain, hailstones will fall and a violent wind will break out. 12 When the wall has collapsed, people will ask you, “Where is the whitewash you coated it with?” 13 “‘Therefore this is what the Sovereign Lord says: In my rage I will make a violent wind break out. In my anger there will be a deluge of rain and hailstones in destructive fury.⁠ 14 I will break down the wall you coated with whitewash and knock it to the ground so that its foundation is exposed. When it falls you will be destroyed beneath it, and you will know that I am the Lord. 15 I will vent my rage against the wall and against those who coated it with whitewash. Then I will say to you, “The wall is no more and those who whitewashed it are no more— 16 those prophets of Israel who would prophesy about Jerusalem and would see visions of peace for it, when there was no peace,” declares the Sovereign Lord.’ 17 “As for you, son of man, turn toward the daughters of your people who are prophesying from their imagination. Prophesy against them 18 and say ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Woe to those who sew bands on all their wrists and make headbands for heads of every size to entrap people’s lives! Will you entrap my people’s lives, yet preserve your own lives? 19 You have profaned me among my people for handfuls of barley and scraps of bread. You have put to death people who should not die and kept alive those who should not live by your lies to my people, who listen to lies! 20 “‘Therefore, this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Take note that I am against your wristbands with which you entrap people’s lives like birds. I will tear them from your arms and will release the people’s lives, which you hunt like birds. 21 I will tear off your headbands and rescue my people from your power; they will no longer be prey in your hands. Then you will know that I am the Lord. 22 This is because you have disheartened the righteous person with lies (although I have not grieved him), and because you have encouraged the wicked person not to turn from his evil conduct and preserve his life.⁠ 23 Therefore you will no longer see false visions and practice divination. I will rescue my people from your power, and you will know that I am the Lord.’”

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 9:18 and Ezekiel 13:13

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Exodus describes hail used on Egypt as a unique act of judgment, language used in Ezekiel 13, which portrays hail along with wind and rain used to break defenses. Both texts present God as a storm deity who commands destructive weather as a weapon.

Passages

Exodus 9:18

Hebrew Bible
16 But for this purpose I have allowed you to live*: to show you my strength, and so that my name may be declared in all the earth. 17 You are still exalting yourself against my people by not releasing them. 18 I am going to cause very severe hail to rain down about this time tomorrow, such hail as has never occurred in Egypt from the day it was founded until now. 19 So now, send instructions to gather your livestock and all your possessions in the fields to a safe place. Every person or animal caught in the field and not brought into the house—the hail will come down on them, and they will die!”’” 20 Those of Pharaoh’s servants who feared the Lord’s message hurried to bring their servants and livestock into the houses,
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Ezekiel 13:13

Hebrew Bible
11 Tell the ones who coat it with whitewash that it will fall. When there is a deluge of rain, hailstones will fall and a violent wind will break out. 12 When the wall has collapsed, people will ask you, “Where is the whitewash you coated it with?” 13 “‘Therefore this is what the Sovereign Lord says: In my rage I will make a violent wind break out. In my anger there will be a deluge of rain and hailstones in destructive fury. 14 I will break down the wall you coated with whitewash and knock it to the ground so that its foundation is exposed. When it falls you will be destroyed beneath it, and you will know that I am the Lord. 15 I will vent my rage against the wall and against those who coated it with whitewash. Then I will say to you, “The wall is no more and those who whitewashed it are no more—
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ezekiel

References

"... A three-part section on specific times, dealing with weather, follows the remarks on the basic segmentation of time according to light and darkness. Meteorological occurrences like snow, hail, hoarfrost, wind, rain, storms and ice are the subject matter in nine verses (verses 22–30; two of which are added from Theodotion). Snow and hail are here conceived of as stored in treasure vaults, each of which God empties at specified times (verse 22). They appear not only as natural properties but also as instruments of destruction in the power of the judgmental and belligerent God (verse 23). (compare Exodus 9:13-35; Joshua 10:11; Psalm 18:13; Sirach 39:28; Isaiah 28:17; 30:30, Ezekiel 13:13, Haggai 2:17) In contrast to the Masoretic text, the Septuagint expressly notes that God deploys these tools for Job ..."
Markus Witte, “Cosmos and Creation in Job 38 (Septuagint),” in Cosmos and Creation: Second Temple Perspectives, ed. Michael W. Duggan et al. (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2020), 55–76.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 9:18 and Ezekiel 13:13

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