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Exegesis on the Soul

About this book

The Prostitution of the Soul according to the Scriptures

Chapter 2

Now, regarding the prostitution of the soul, the Holy Spirit prophesies in many places, saying in the prophet Jeremiah:
“If a husband divorces his wife⁠ and she goes and takes another man, can she go back to him again? Has not that woman completely polluted herself? And you played the harlot to many shepherds and you returned to me,” said the Lord.
“Take a clear look and see where you played the harlot. Were you not sitting in the streets polluting the land with your harlotries and your wickedness?
And you took many shepherds as a stumbling block to you. With everyone you were without shame.
You called not on me as a relative or as father or guardian of your virginity.”
Again, it is written in the prophet Hosea: “Come, go to court with your mother, for she will not be a wife to me, and I will not be a husband to her.
I shall take away her harlotry from before me, and I shall take away her adultery from between her breasts.
I shall strip her naked as on the day she was born, and I shall make her a wilderness like a waterless land, and I shall make her [yearn in childlessness].
I will not have compassion on her children, for they are children of harlotry,
because their mother played the harlot and [acted shamefully to her children].
For she said, ‘I shall play the harlot to my lovers.
They gave me my bread and my water, and my vesture and my garments, and my wine and my oil, and everything I had need of.’
Behold, therefore, I shall close them in so that she cannot run after her lovers.
And when she seeks them but does not find them, she will say, ‘I shall go back to my former husband; I was better off then than now.’”⁠
Again, he says in Ezekiel:
“It came to pass after much wickedness,” said the Lord,
“you built a brothel and you made a place for your beauty in the streets.
And you built brothels on every street, and you squandered your beauty, and you spread your legs in every alley, and you multiplied your acts of harlotry.
You played the harlot to the sons of Egypt, your neighbors, men great of flesh.”⁠
What, however, does “the sons of Egypt, men great of flesh” mean, except the kingdom of the flesh and the perceptible realm and earthly affairs, which sully the soul here, obtaining bread from them, and wine besides, and oil, garments, and further senseless external things around the body, things she believes are necessary for her?
Regarding this prostitution, however, the apostles of the Savior insisted: “Guard yourselves from it; purify yourselves from it.”
This pertains not only to bodily prostitution, but especially of the soul.
For this cause the apostles write [to the churches] of God, so that [this kind (of prostitution)] might not happen among us.
Nevertheless, the most difficult [challenge] pertains to the prostitution of the soul.
From it originates also bodily prostitution.
Therefore Paul, writing to the Corinthians, said, “I wrote you in the letter, ‘Do not associate with prostitutes,’⁠ not at all (referring to) the prostitutes of this world or the greedy or robbers or idolaters, because then you would need to leave the world.”
In this case he is speaking spiritually, “For our struggle is not against flesh and blood,”⁠ as he said, “but against the world rulers of this darkness and the spirits of wickedness.”
For as long as the soul continues running around everywhere, having sex with everyone she meets and sullying herself, she suffers what she deserves.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Corinthians 5:9 and Exegesis on the Soul 2:26

New Testament · Nag Hammadi

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Summary

In 1 Corinthians 5, Paul tells readers not to associate with sexually immoral Christians. Exegesis on the Soul, a Nag Hammadi text, quotes his warning and reads it through Ephesians as a struggle against spiritual powers.

Passages

1 Corinthians 5:9

New Testament
9 I wrote you in my letter not to associate with sexually immoral people. 10 In no way did I mean the immoral people of this world, or the greedy and swindlers and idolaters, since you would then have to go out of the world. 11 But now I am writing to you not to associate with anyone who calls himself a Christian who is sexually immoral, or greedy, or an idolater, or verbally abusive, or a drunkard, or a swindler. Do not even eat with such a person.
55–57 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Corinthians

Exegesis on the Soul 2:26

Nag Hammadi
Nevertheless, the most difficult [challenge] pertains to the prostitution of the soul. From it originates also bodily prostitution. Therefore Paul, writing to the Corinthians, said, “I wrote you in the letter, ‘Do not associate with prostitutes,’ not at all (referring to) the prostitutes of this world or the greedy or robbers or idolaters, because then you would need to leave the world.” In this case he is speaking spiritually, “For our struggle is not against flesh and blood,” as he said, “but against the world rulers of this darkness and the spirits of wickedness.” For as long as the soul continues running around everywhere, having sex with everyone she meets and sullying herself, she suffers what she deserves.
200–230 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Exegesis on the Soul

References

“... Scripture is first employed, interrupting the narrative at the soul‘s prayer of penitence and petition, in a lengthy exegetical composition entitled ―On the prostitution of the soul‖ (129,5–131,13: the image of the unfaithful wife from Jeremiah 3, Hosea 2, and Ezekiel 16 is applied by the Holy Spirit to the prostitution of the soul and interpreted as the soul‘s defilement by ―the domain of the flesh and the perceptible realm and the affairs of the earth‖; Paul‘s command not to associate with prostitutes [1 Corinthians 5,9] is taken as a summons to struggle against evil spiritual powers). ...”
David Noel (ed.) Freedman, The Anchor Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 2:688–689.
“... The main character in the Exegesis on the Soul is the soul, described throughout the text as a woman. It is in dire straits and is described as a prostitute, which enables the text to call upon a significant corpus of Scripture to undergird its metaphorical discourse on the importance of repentance and renunciation of worldly concerns. What is described in terms of sexual licentiousness and prostitution is the soul’s attachment to the body and the material world. The soul “prostituted herself in her body, and she gave herself to everyone, and whomever she would embrace she considered to be her husband.” Old Testament imagery of Jerusalem as a prostitute is called upon and applied specifically to the soul, while buttressing the argument with New Testament references. Before reminding the reader that Paul was not only speaking about bodily transgression when he warned the Corinthians against mixing with prostitutes, the text cites Ezekiel: ...”
Hugo Lundhaug, “Monastic Exegesis and the Female Soul in the Exegesis on the Soul,” in Women and Knowledge in Early Christianity, ed. Ulla Tervahauta, Ivan Miroshnikov, Outi Lehtipuu, and Ismo Dunderberg (Leiden: Brill, 2017), 224.
“... Yet the greatest [struggle] has to do with the prostitution of the soul. From it arises the prostitution of the body as well. Therefore Paul, writing to the Corinthians (1 Co 5:9-10), said, I wrote you in the letter, “Do not associate with prostitutes,” not at all (meaning) the prostitutes of this world or the greedy or the thieves or the idolators, since then you would have to go out from the world, here it is speaking spiritually – For our struggle is not against flesh and blood – as he said (Ep 6:12) – but against the world rulers of this darkness and the spirits of wickedness. ...”
William C. Robinson Jr. and Maddalena Scopello, “The Exegesis on the Soul (II,6),” in The Nag Hammadi Library in English, ed. James M. Robinson, rev. ed. (New York: HarperCollins, 1990), 194.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Corinthians 5:9 and Exegesis on the Soul 2:26

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