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1 Corinthians

About this book
Chapter 5

1 It is actually reported that sexual immorality exists among you, the kind of immorality that is not permitted even among the Gentiles, so that someone is cohabiting with his father’s wife. 2 And you are proud! Shouldn’t you have been deeply sorrowful instead and removed the one who did this from among you? 3 For even though I am absent physically, I am present in spirit. And I have already judged the one who did this, just as though I were present. 4 When you gather together in the name of our Lord Jesus, and I am with you in spirit, along with the power of our Lord Jesus, 5 hand this man over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, so that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord.⁠ 6 Your boasting is not good. Don’t you know that a little yeast affects the whole batch of dough?⁠ 7 Clean out the old yeast so that you may be a new batch of dough—you are, in fact, without yeast. For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed. 8 So then, let us celebrate the festival, not with the old yeast, the yeast of vice and evil, but with the bread without yeast, the bread of sincerity and truth. 9 I wrote you in my letter not to associate with sexually immoral people.⁠ 10 In no way did I mean the immoral people of this world, or the greedy and swindlers and idolaters, since you would then have to go out of the world. 11 But now I am writing to you not to associate with anyone who calls himself a Christian who is sexually immoral, or greedy, or an idolater, or verbally abusive, or a drunkard, or a swindler. Do not even eat with such a person. 12 For what do I have to do with judging those outside? Are you not to judge those inside? 13 But God will judge those outside. Remove the evil person from among you.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Corinthians 5:9 and Exegesis on the Soul 2:26

New Testament · Nag Hammadi

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Summary

In 1 Corinthians 5, Paul tells readers not to associate with sexually immoral Christians. Exegesis on the Soul, a Nag Hammadi text, quotes his warning and reads it through Ephesians as a struggle against spiritual powers.

Passages

1 Corinthians 5:9

New Testament
9 I wrote you in my letter not to associate with sexually immoral people. 10 In no way did I mean the immoral people of this world, or the greedy and swindlers and idolaters, since you would then have to go out of the world. 11 But now I am writing to you not to associate with anyone who calls himself a Christian who is sexually immoral, or greedy, or an idolater, or verbally abusive, or a drunkard, or a swindler. Do not even eat with such a person.
55–57 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Corinthians

Exegesis on the Soul 2:26

Nag Hammadi
Nevertheless, the most difficult [challenge] pertains to the prostitution of the soul. From it originates also bodily prostitution. Therefore Paul, writing to the Corinthians, said, “I wrote you in the letter, ‘Do not associate with prostitutes,’ not at all (referring to) the prostitutes of this world or the greedy or robbers or idolaters, because then you would need to leave the world.” In this case he is speaking spiritually, “For our struggle is not against flesh and blood,” as he said, “but against the world rulers of this darkness and the spirits of wickedness.” For as long as the soul continues running around everywhere, having sex with everyone she meets and sullying herself, she suffers what she deserves.
200–230 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Exegesis on the Soul

References

“... Scripture is first employed, interrupting the narrative at the soul‘s prayer of penitence and petition, in a lengthy exegetical composition entitled ―On the prostitution of the soul‖ (129,5–131,13: the image of the unfaithful wife from Jeremiah 3, Hosea 2, and Ezekiel 16 is applied by the Holy Spirit to the prostitution of the soul and interpreted as the soul‘s defilement by ―the domain of the flesh and the perceptible realm and the affairs of the earth‖; Paul‘s command not to associate with prostitutes [1 Corinthians 5,9] is taken as a summons to struggle against evil spiritual powers). ...”
David Noel (ed.) Freedman, The Anchor Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 2:688–689.
“... The main character in the Exegesis on the Soul is the soul, described throughout the text as a woman. It is in dire straits and is described as a prostitute, which enables the text to call upon a significant corpus of Scripture to undergird its metaphorical discourse on the importance of repentance and renunciation of worldly concerns. What is described in terms of sexual licentiousness and prostitution is the soul’s attachment to the body and the material world. The soul “prostituted herself in her body, and she gave herself to everyone, and whomever she would embrace she considered to be her husband.” Old Testament imagery of Jerusalem as a prostitute is called upon and applied specifically to the soul, while buttressing the argument with New Testament references. Before reminding the reader that Paul was not only speaking about bodily transgression when he warned the Corinthians against mixing with prostitutes, the text cites Ezekiel: ...”
Hugo Lundhaug, “Monastic Exegesis and the Female Soul in the Exegesis on the Soul,” in Women and Knowledge in Early Christianity, ed. Ulla Tervahauta, Ivan Miroshnikov, Outi Lehtipuu, and Ismo Dunderberg (Leiden: Brill, 2017), 224.
“... Yet the greatest [struggle] has to do with the prostitution of the soul. From it arises the prostitution of the body as well. Therefore Paul, writing to the Corinthians (1 Co 5:9-10), said, I wrote you in the letter, “Do not associate with prostitutes,” not at all (meaning) the prostitutes of this world or the greedy or the thieves or the idolators, since then you would have to go out from the world, here it is speaking spiritually – For our struggle is not against flesh and blood – as he said (Ep 6:12) – but against the world rulers of this darkness and the spirits of wickedness. ...”
William C. Robinson Jr. and Maddalena Scopello, “The Exegesis on the Soul (II,6),” in The Nag Hammadi Library in English, ed. James M. Robinson, rev. ed. (New York: HarperCollins, 1990), 194.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Corinthians 5:9 and Exegesis on the Soul 2:26

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