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Ephesians

About this book
Chapter 6

1 Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. 2 “Honor your father and mother,” which is the first commandment accompanied by a promise, namely, 3 “that it will go well with you and that you will live a long time on the earth.” 4 Fathers, do not provoke your children to anger, but raise them up in the discipline and instruction of the Lord. 5 Slaves, obey your human masters with fear and trembling, in the sincerity of your heart, as to Christ, 6 not like those who do their work only when someone is watching—as people-pleasers—but as slaves of Christ doing the will of God from the heart. 7 Obey with enthusiasm, as though serving the Lord and not people, 8 because you know that each person, whether slave or free, if he does something good, this will be rewarded by the Lord. 9 Masters, treat your slaves the same way, giving up the use of threats, because you know that both you and they have the same master in heaven, and there is no favoritism with him.⁠ 10 Finally, be strengthened in the Lord and in the strength of his power. 11 Clothe yourselves with the full armor of God, so that you will be able to stand against the schemes of the devil.⁠ 12 For our struggle is not against flesh and blood,⁠ but against the rulers, against the powers,⁠ against the world rulers of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavens. 13 For this reason, take up the full armor of God so that you may be able to stand your ground on the evil day, and having done everything, to stand.⁠ 14 Stand firm therefore, by fastening the belt of truth around your waist, by putting on the breastplate of righteousness, 15 by fitting your feet with the preparation that comes from the good news of peace, 16 and in all of this, by taking up the shield of faith with which you can extinguish all the flaming arrows of the evil one. 17 And take the helmet of salvation and the sword of the Spirit (which is the word of God). 18 With every prayer and petition, pray at all times in the Spirit, and to this end be alert, with all perseverance and petitions for all the saints. 19 Pray for me also, that I may be given the right words when I begin to speak—that I may confidently make known the mystery of the gospel, 20 for which I am an ambassador in chains. Pray that I may be able to speak boldly as I ought to speak. 21 Tychicus, my dear brother and faithful servant in the Lord, will make everything known to you, so that you too may know about my circumstances, how I am doing. 22 I have sent him to you for this very purpose, that you may know our circumstances and that he may encourage your hearts. 23 Peace to the brothers and sisters, and love with faith, from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. 24 Grace be with all those who love our Lord Jesus Christ with an undying love.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 10:17 and Ephesians 6:9

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Ephesians builds on Deuteronomy's statement that God shows no partiality. Deuteronomy uses this to defend the powerless and vulnerable, and Ephesians turns it into teaching that reminds masters and slaves that everyone is accountable to God.

Passages

Deuteronomy 10:17

Hebrew Bible
15 However, only to your ancestors did he show his loving favor, and he chose you, their descendants, from all peoples—as is apparent today. 16 Therefore, circumcise your hearts and stop being so stubborn! 17 For the Lord your God is God of gods and Lord of lords, the great, mighty, and awesome God who is unbiased and takes no bribe, 18 who justly treats the orphan and widow, and who loves resident foreigners, giving them food and clothing. 19 So you must love the resident foreigner because you were foreigners in the land of Egypt.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Ephesians 6:9

New Testament
7 Obey with enthusiasm, as though serving the Lord and not people, 8 because you know that each person, whether slave or free, if he does something good, this will be rewarded by the Lord. 9 Masters, treat your slaves the same way, giving up the use of threats, because you know that both you and they have the same master in heaven, and there is no favoritism with him. 10 Finally, be strengthened in the Lord and in the strength of his power. 11 Clothe yourselves with the full armor of God, so that you will be able to stand against the schemes of the devil.
90–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ephesians

References

"... First, the writer reminds masters that “both their and your Master is in heaven,” whereas Colossians 4:1 simply has “you also have a Master in heaven.” Then he adds “and there is no partiality with him.” This thought has now been employed in connection with both groups in Ephesians (compare the equivalent “whether slave or free” in verse 8) in contrast to Colossians, where it is only used in regard to slaves. Mitton notes the appropriateness of the emphasis on impartiality being used in the address to masters rather than to slaves, since the higher up in social status people feel themselves to be, the more likely they are to expect to be accorded special consideration. The noun προσωπολημψία, “partiality” (compare Colossians 3:25; Romans 2:11), comes from the Hebraistic verbal expression πρόσωπον λαμβάνειν, “to show partiality, to judge purely at face value or on the basis of external factors” (compare Leviticus 19:15; Deuteronomy 10:17; Sirach 4:22, 27; 1 Esdras 4:39; Luke 20:21; Galatians 2:6; Barnabas 19:4; Didache 4:3). In the Old Testament and Jewish writings, impartiality in judgment is attributed to God (compare especially Sirach 35:11–13; Jubilees 5:15–19; Psalms of Solomon 2:18; compare also Romans 2:11; 1 Peter 1:17), but here and in Colossians this is transferred to Christ as Lord ..."
Andrew T. Lincoln, Word Biblical Commentary: Ephesians (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2017), 1206.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 10:17 and Ephesians 6:9

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