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Deuteronomy

About this book
Chapter 10

1 At that same time the Lord said to me, “Carve out for yourself two stone tablets like the first ones and come up the mountain to me; also make for yourself a wooden ark. 2 I will write on the tablets the same words that were on the first tablets you broke, and you must put them into the ark.” 3 So I made an ark of acacia wood and carved out two stone tablets just like the first ones. Then I went up the mountain with the two tablets in my hands. 4 The Lord then wrote on the tablets the same words, the Ten Commandments, which he had spoken to you at the mountain from the middle of the fire at the time of that assembly, and he gave them to me. 5 Then I turned, went down the mountain, and placed the tablets into the ark I had made—they are still there, just as the Lord commanded me. 6 During those days the Israelites traveled from Beeroth Bene Jaakan to Moserah. There Aaron died and was buried, and his son Eleazar became priest in his place. 7 From there they traveled to Gudgodah, and from Gudgodah to Jotbathah, a place of flowing streams. 8 At that time the Lord set apart the tribe of Levi⁠ to carry the ark of the Lord’s covenant, to stand before the Lord to serve him, and to formulate blessings in his name, as they do to this very day. 9 Therefore Levi has no allotment or inheritance among his brothers; the Lord is his inheritance just as the Lord your God told him. 10 As for me, I stayed at the mountain as I did the first time, 40 days and nights. The Lord listened to me that time as well and decided not to destroy you. 11 Then he said to me, “Get up, set out leading the people so they may go and possess the land I promised to give to their ancestors.” 12 Now, Israel, what does the Lord your God require of you except to revere him, to obey all his commandments, to love him, to serve him with all your mind and being,⁠ 13 and to keep the Lord’s commandments and statutes that I am giving you today for your own good? 14 The heavens—indeed the highest heavens—belong to the Lord your God, as does the earth and everything in it. 15 However, only to your ancestors did he show his loving favor, and he chose you, their descendants, from all peoples—as is apparent today. 16 Therefore, circumcise your hearts and stop being so stubborn!⁠ 17 For the Lord your God is God of gods and Lord of lords,⁠ the great, mighty, and awesome God who is unbiased and takes no bribe,⁠ 18 who justly treats the orphan and widow,⁠ and who loves resident foreigners, giving them food and clothing.⁠ 19 So you must love the resident foreigner because you were foreigners in the land of Egypt. 20 Revere the Lord your God, serve him, be loyal to him, and take oaths only in his name.⁠ 21 He is the one you should praise; he is your God, the one who has done these great and awesome things for you⁠ that you have seen. 22 When your ancestors went down to Egypt, they numbered only seventy, but now the Lord your God has made you as numerous as the stars of the sky.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 10:17 and Ephesians 6:9

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Ephesians builds on Deuteronomy's statement that God shows no partiality. Deuteronomy uses this to defend the powerless and vulnerable, and Ephesians turns it into teaching that reminds masters and slaves that everyone is accountable to God.

Passages

Deuteronomy 10:17

Hebrew Bible
15 However, only to your ancestors did he show his loving favor, and he chose you, their descendants, from all peoples—as is apparent today. 16 Therefore, circumcise your hearts and stop being so stubborn! 17 For the Lord your God is God of gods and Lord of lords, the great, mighty, and awesome God who is unbiased and takes no bribe, 18 who justly treats the orphan and widow, and who loves resident foreigners, giving them food and clothing. 19 So you must love the resident foreigner because you were foreigners in the land of Egypt.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Ephesians 6:9

New Testament
7 Obey with enthusiasm, as though serving the Lord and not people, 8 because you know that each person, whether slave or free, if he does something good, this will be rewarded by the Lord. 9 Masters, treat your slaves the same way, giving up the use of threats, because you know that both you and they have the same master in heaven, and there is no favoritism with him. 10 Finally, be strengthened in the Lord and in the strength of his power. 11 Clothe yourselves with the full armor of God, so that you will be able to stand against the schemes of the devil.
90–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ephesians

References

"... First, the writer reminds masters that “both their and your Master is in heaven,” whereas Colossians 4:1 simply has “you also have a Master in heaven.” Then he adds “and there is no partiality with him.” This thought has now been employed in connection with both groups in Ephesians (compare the equivalent “whether slave or free” in verse 8) in contrast to Colossians, where it is only used in regard to slaves. Mitton notes the appropriateness of the emphasis on impartiality being used in the address to masters rather than to slaves, since the higher up in social status people feel themselves to be, the more likely they are to expect to be accorded special consideration. The noun προσωπολημψία, “partiality” (compare Colossians 3:25; Romans 2:11), comes from the Hebraistic verbal expression πρόσωπον λαμβάνειν, “to show partiality, to judge purely at face value or on the basis of external factors” (compare Leviticus 19:15; Deuteronomy 10:17; Sirach 4:22, 27; 1 Esdras 4:39; Luke 20:21; Galatians 2:6; Barnabas 19:4; Didache 4:3). In the Old Testament and Jewish writings, impartiality in judgment is attributed to God (compare especially Sirach 35:11–13; Jubilees 5:15–19; Psalms of Solomon 2:18; compare also Romans 2:11; 1 Peter 1:17), but here and in Colossians this is transferred to Christ as Lord ..."
Andrew T. Lincoln, Word Biblical Commentary: Ephesians (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2017), 1206.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 10:17 and Ephesians 6:9

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