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Ephesians

About this book
Chapter 6

1 Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. 2 “Honor your father and mother,” which is the first commandment accompanied by a promise, namely, 3 “that it will go well with you and that you will live a long time on the earth.” 4 Fathers, do not provoke your children to anger, but raise them up in the discipline and instruction of the Lord. 5 Slaves, obey your human masters with fear and trembling, in the sincerity of your heart, as to Christ, 6 not like those who do their work only when someone is watching—as people-pleasers—but as slaves of Christ doing the will of God from the heart. 7 Obey with enthusiasm, as though serving the Lord and not people, 8 because you know that each person, whether slave or free, if he does something good, this will be rewarded by the Lord. 9 Masters, treat your slaves the same way, giving up the use of threats, because you know that both you and they have the same master in heaven, and there is no favoritism with him.⁠ 10 Finally, be strengthened in the Lord and in the strength of his power. 11 Clothe yourselves with the full armor of God, so that you will be able to stand against the schemes of the devil.⁠ 12 For our struggle is not against flesh and blood,⁠ but against the rulers, against the powers,⁠ against the world rulers of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavens. 13 For this reason, take up the full armor of God so that you may be able to stand your ground on the evil day, and having done everything, to stand.⁠ 14 Stand firm therefore, by fastening the belt of truth around your waist, by putting on the breastplate of righteousness, 15 by fitting your feet with the preparation that comes from the good news of peace, 16 and in all of this, by taking up the shield of faith with which you can extinguish all the flaming arrows of the evil one. 17 And take the helmet of salvation and the sword of the Spirit (which is the word of God). 18 With every prayer and petition, pray at all times in the Spirit, and to this end be alert, with all perseverance and petitions for all the saints. 19 Pray for me also, that I may be given the right words when I begin to speak—that I may confidently make known the mystery of the gospel, 20 for which I am an ambassador in chains. Pray that I may be able to speak boldly as I ought to speak. 21 Tychicus, my dear brother and faithful servant in the Lord, will make everything known to you, so that you too may know about my circumstances, how I am doing. 22 I have sent him to you for this very purpose, that you may know our circumstances and that he may encourage your hearts. 23 Peace to the brothers and sisters, and love with faith, from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. 24 Grace be with all those who love our Lord Jesus Christ with an undying love.

Texts in conversation

Compare Wisdom of Solomon 5:17 and Ephesians 6:13

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

Ephesians 6 follows the Greek Septuagint translation of Isaiah, using language also found in the Wisdom of Solomon. Ephesians draws on both Greek and Hebrew texts, as well as Hellenistic Jewish interpretations of them.

Passages

Wisdom of Solomon 5:17

Deuterocanon
16 Therefore they will receive the crown of royal dignity and the diadem of beauty from the Lord’s hand, because he will cover them with his right hand, and he will shield them with his arm. 17 He will take his zeal as complete armor, and will make the whole creation his weapons to punish his enemies: 18 He will put on righteousness as a breastplate, and will wear impartial judgment as a helmet. 19 He will take holiness as an invincible shield. 20 He will sharpen stern wrath for a sword. The universe will go with him to fight against his frenzied foes. 21 Shafts of lightning will fly with true aim. They will leap to the mark from the clouds, as from a well-drawn bow. 22 Hailstones full of wrath will be hurled as from a catapult. The water of the sea will be angered against them. Rivers will sternly overwhelm them.
50 BCE – 50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Wisdom of Solomon

Ephesians 6:13

New Testament
12 For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the powers, against the world rulers of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavens. 13 For this reason, take up the full armor of God so that you may be able to stand your ground on the evil day, and having done everything, to stand. 14 Stand firm therefore, by fastening the belt of truth around your waist, by putting on the breastplate of righteousness, 15 by fitting your feet with the preparation that comes from the good news of peace, 16 and in all of this, by taking up the shield of faith with which you can extinguish all the flaming arrows of the evil one. 17 And take the helmet of salvation and the sword of the Spirit (which is the word of God). 18 With every prayer and petition, pray at all times in the Spirit, and to this end be alert, with all perseverance and petitions for all the saints.
90–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ephesians

References

"... If we closely examine Ephesians 6:10–17 we discover definite echoes of the Septuagint translation of Isaiah 59, for instance in 6:11 the command to put on the full armor of God and in 6:14 the sentence “having girded your waist with truth, and having put on the breastplate of righteousness” and in 6:17 the phrase about taking up “the helmet of salvation,” all of which echoes Isaiah 59:17–18 in the LXX which in turn echoes Isaiah 11:5 LXX “will have girded his waist with righteousness and wrapped his sides in truth.” ... But Paul is not just drawing on Isaiah, he is drawing on the use of the Isaianic material in Wisdom of Solomon 5:17–20 ... Notice that in this passage both the people of God, who are given a crown and a diadem, and the Lord are clothed in royal imagery and in the case of the Lord, battle regalia. As Thielman says, Paul is closer to this passage from the Wisdom of Solomon in his use of the term “whole armor” and in the inclusion of the shield and the sword ..."
Ben Witherington III, Isaiah Old and New: Exegesis, Intertextuality, and Hermeneutics (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2017), 304.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Wisdom of Solomon 5:17 and Ephesians 6:13

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