Go to Related Reading
About this book

Ephesians

About this book
Chapter 2

1 And although you were dead in your offenses and sins, 2 in which you formerly lived according to this world’s present path, according to the ruler of the domain of the air, the ruler of the spirit that is now energizing the sons of disobedience, 3 among whom all of us also formerly lived out our lives in the cravings of our flesh, indulging the desires of the flesh and the mind, and were by nature children of wrath even as the rest… 4 But God, being rich in mercy because of his great love with which he loved us, 5 even though we were dead in offenses, made us alive together with Christ—by grace you are saved!— 6 and he raised us up together with him and seated us together with him in the heavenly realms in Christ Jesus, 7 to demonstrate in the coming ages the surpassing wealth of his grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus. 8 For by grace you are saved through faith, and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God; 9 it is not from works, so that no one can boast. 10 For we are his creative work, having been created in Christ Jesus for good works that God prepared beforehand so we can do them. 11 Therefore remember that formerly you, the Gentiles in the flesh—who are called “uncircumcision” by the so-called “circumcision” that is performed on the body by human hands— 12 that you were at that time without the Messiah, alienated from the citizenship of Israel and strangers to the covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world. 13 But now in Christ Jesus you who used to be far away have been brought near by the blood of Christ. 14 For he is our peace, the one who made both groups into one and who destroyed the middle wall of partition, the hostility,⁠ 15 when he nullified in his flesh the law of commandments in decrees. He did this to create in himself one new man out of two, thus making peace, 16 and to reconcile them both in one body to God through the cross, by which the hostility has been killed. 17 And he came and preached peace to you who were far off and peace to those who were near,⁠ 18 so that through him we both have access in one Spirit to the Father. 19 So then you are no longer foreigners and noncitizens, but you are fellow citizens with the saints and members of God’s household, 20 because you have been built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets,⁠ with Christ Jesus himself as the cornerstone. 21 In him the whole building, being joined together, grows into a holy temple in the Lord, 22 in whom you also are being built together into a dwelling place of God in the Spirit.

Texts in conversation

Compare Shepherd of Hermas 92:4 and Ephesians 2:20

Early Christian · New Testament

Share:

Summary

In Ephesians, the community is built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets. The Shepherd of Hermas describes a similar picture of a tower representing the community, its foundation also based on earlier righteous generations.

Passages

Shepherd of Hermas 92:4

Early Christian
4 “But the stones, Sir,” I said, “that came from the deep and were fitted into the building—who are they?” “The first ten,” he said, “that were placed in the foundations, are the first generation; the twenty-five are the second generation of righteous people; the thirty-five are God’s prophets and His ministers; the forty are apostles and teachers who preach the Son of God.” 5 “Then why, Sir,” I said, “did the virgins also offer these stones for the building of the tower and carry them through the gate?” 6 “Because those first ones,” he said, “bore these spirits, and they never separated from each other—neither the spirits from the people nor the people from the spirits—these spirits stayed with them until they fell asleep; and if they had not had these spirits with them, they would not have been found useful for building this tower.”
90–140 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Shepherd of Hermas

Ephesians 2:20

New Testament
19 So then you are no longer foreigners and noncitizens, but you are fellow citizens with the saints and members of God’s household, 20 because you have been built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus himself as the cornerstone. 21 In him the whole building, being joined together, grows into a holy temple in the Lord, 22 in whom you also are being built together into a dwelling place of God in the Spirit.
90–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ephesians

References

“... Hermas has connected the idea of Christ as the building’s foundation in 1 Cor 3:11 with the idea of him as stone in 10:4. This connection possibly occurred in association with Eph 2:20, where Christ is named as the constructed community’s corner foundation-stone. At the same time, Hermas has also expanded ideas that he learned from Pauline letters. To the list of figures comprising the church’s foundation found in Eph 2:20 (i.e., apostles and prophets), Hermas has added a number of others now arranged in tiers, namely the first two righteous generations, teachers, and god’s servants. He also extended that same verse’s image of the church-building’s being fitted together by describing the Tower’s stones fusing together into an apparently single white stone. ...”
Jonathan E. Soyars, The Shepherd of Hermas and the Pauline Legacy, NovTSup 176 (Leiden: Brill, 2019), 170–171.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Shepherd of Hermas 92:4 and Ephesians 2:20

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library