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Ecclesiastes

About this book
Chapter 12

1 So remember your Creator in the days of your youth—before the difficult days come and the years draw near when you will say, “I have no pleasure in them”; 2 before the sun and the light of the moon and the stars grow dark, and the clouds disappear after the rain; 3 when those who keep watch over the house begin to tremble, and the virile men begin to stoop over, and the grinders begin to cease because they grow few, and those who look through the windows grow dim, 4 and the doors along the street are shut; when the sound of the grinding mill grows low, and one is awakened by the sound of a bird, and all their songs grow faint, 5 and they are afraid of heights and the dangers in the street; the almond blossoms grow white, and the grasshopper drags itself along, and the caper berry shrivels up—because man goes to his eternal home, and the mourners go about in the streets— 6 before the silver cord is removed, or the golden bowl is broken, or the pitcher is shattered at the well, or the water wheel is broken at the cistern— 7 and the dust returns to the earth as it was, and the life’s breath returns to God who gave it.⁠ 8 “Absolutely futile!” laments the Teacher, “All these things are futile!” 9 Not only was the Teacher wise, but he also taught knowledge to the people; he carefully evaluated and arranged many proverbs. 10 The Teacher sought to find delightful words and to write accurately truthful sayings. 11 The words of the sages are like prods, and the collected sayings are like firmly fixed nails; they are given by one shepherd. 12 Be warned, my son, of anything in addition to them. There is no end to the making of many books, and much study is exhausting to the body. 13 Having heard everything, I have reached this conclusion: Fear God and keep his commandments, because this is the whole duty of man.⁠ 14 For God will evaluate every deed, including every secret thing, whether good or evil.

Texts in conversation

Compare Ecclesiastes 12:7 and Sirach 40:11

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Ecclesiastes describes death as the body returning to dust and the breath returning to God, using imagery based on Genesis. Sirach echoes this perspective, repeating the emphasis of dust and death as a universal experience.

Passages

Ecclesiastes 12:7

Hebrew Bible
5 and they are afraid of heights and the dangers in the street; the almond blossoms grow white, and the grasshopper drags itself along, and the caper berry shrivels up—because man goes to his eternal home, and the mourners go about in the streets— 6 before the silver cord is removed, or the golden bowl is broken, or the pitcher is shattered at the well, or the water wheel is broken at the cistern— 7 and the dust returns to the earth as it was, and the life’s breath returns to God who gave it. 8 “Absolutely futile!” laments the Teacher, “All these things are futile!” 9 Not only was the Teacher wise, but he also taught knowledge to the people; he carefully evaluated and arranged many proverbs.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ecclesiastes

Sirach 40:11

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
8 To all creatures, human and animal, and upon sinners sevenfold more, 9 come death, bloodshed, strife, sword, calamities, famine, suffering, and plague. 10 All these things were created for the wicked, and because of them the flood came. 11 All things that are of the earth turn to the earth again. All things that are of the waters return into the sea. 12 All bribery and injustice will be blotted out. Good faith will stand forever. 13 The goods of the unjust will be dried up like a river, and like a great thunder in rain will go off in noise.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... Hengel notes that there is a firm belief in an afterlife by the time of Sirach 40:11 and Daniel 12:3, but it is doubted by Qoheleth. Hengel writes, however, “It was easier for this view to be accepted because of earlier OT ideas that the impersonal breath of life breathed into men by God could be taken back again by him (Ecclesiastes 12:7; Psalm 90:3; 104:29; Job 34:14).” Although Qoheleth may be on the verge of such ideas, he does not air them explicitly here. A common comparison of these passages is with Genesis 2:7 - “then the Lord God formed man from the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and the man became a living being.” Although there are conceptual links of Ecclesiastes 3:19–20 with Genesis 2:7, it is the contradictory Ecclesiastes 12:7 that, in my view, has more in common with it. In Ecclesiastes 12:7 a distinction is made between the “dust” that returns to the earth and the “breath” that returns to God, the same distinction found in Genesis 2:7 (life breath). The author of Ecclesiastes remarks that both elements return to their source, a fact from which he derives no comfort. Ecclesiastes 3:20 has more direct links with Genesis 3:19b—“you are dust and to dust you shall return”; compare Job 10:9 in which both the beginning and end of life is referred to as “dust”; Job 34:15; Sirach 40:11; Psalm 104:29–30, and elsewhere in which all life is dependant on the “breath” of God ..."
Katharine J. Dell, Interpreting Ecclesiastes: Readers Old and New, CSHB 3 (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2013), 72–73.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Ecclesiastes 12:7 and Sirach 40:11

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