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About this book

Didache

About this book

Rules for Living Together

Chapter 4

1 My child, remember day and night the one who teaches you God's word, and honor him as you would the Lord, for wherever the Lord's nature is spoken of, the Lord is present.⁠ 2 Seek the company of holy people every day so you may find comfort in their words. 3 Don't seek division but reconcile those in conflict. Make fair judgments; don't show favoritism when correcting wrongs. 4 Don't be double-minded about whether something should be or not.⁠ 5 Don't be someone who is eager to receive but reluctant to give.⁠ 6 Give a portion of what you've earned with your hands as a ransom for your sins.⁠ 7 Don't hesitate to give, and don't complain when you do, for you'll know who rewards you well. 8 Don't turn away those in need, but share everything with your family, and don't claim it as your own. If you share in what is eternal, how much more should you share in what is perishable?⁠ 9 Don't withhold correction from your son or daughter, but teach them to respect God from a young age.⁠ 10 Don't treat your slaves harshly out of anger,⁠ especially if they believe in the same God, or they may stop fearing the God who oversees you both. God doesn't show favoritism, but calls those prepared by the Spirit. 11 If you are a slave, obey your master as you would God's representative, with respect and fear. 12 Hate all hypocrisy and everything displeasing to the Lord. 13 Don't abandon God's commandments, but keep what you've received, without adding to it or taking anything away.⁠ 14 Confess your sins in the congregation, and don't pray with a guilty conscience.⁠ This is the way of life.

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 4:31 and Didache 4:5

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

The Didache teaches to not be eager to receive and reluctant to give, echoing Sirach’s teaching that your hand should not be open for taking and closed when giving. Both emphasize generosity, following Jewish wisdom and ethical traditions.

Passages

Sirach 4:31

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
25 Don’t speak against the truth and be shamed for your ignorance. 26 Don’t be ashamed to confess your sins. Don’t fight the river’s current. 27 Don’t lay yourself down for a fool to tread upon. Don’t be partial to one who is mighty. 28 Strive for the truth to death, and the Lord God will fight for you. 29 Don’t be hasty with your tongue, or slack and negligent in your deeds. 30 Don’t be like a lion in your house, or suspicious of your servants. 31 Don’t let your hand be stretched out to receive, and closed when you should repay.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Didache 4:5

Early Christian
3 Don't seek division but reconcile those in conflict. Make fair judgments; don't show favoritism when correcting wrongs. 4 Don't be double-minded about whether something should be or not. 5 Don't be someone who is eager to receive but reluctant to give. 6 Give a portion of what you've earned with your hands as a ransom for your sins. 7 Don't hesitate to give, and don't complain when you do, for you'll know who rewards you well.
90–120 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Didache

References

"... The book of Sirach is not quoted directly in the New Testament. The strongest parallel is Matthew 11:28-30 (= Sirach 6:24-25; 51:26-27). But even there it may be a matter of common terminology and conceptuality. Yet Sirach is a precious resource for understanding the presuppositions of Judaism in the late Second Temple period and for discerning what was or was not innovative about Jesus and early Christianity. The earliest patristic evidence for Sirach occurs in Didache 4:5 and Barnabas 19:9, which appear to cite Sirach 4:31. The book was translated into Latin, Coptic, Syriac, Ethiopic, Armenian, and Arabic, thus insuring a wide circulation. Many Greek church fathers (Clement of Alexandria, Origen, John Chrysostom, Cyril of Jerusalem) and Latin fathers (Tertullian, Cyprian, Jerome, Augustine) quoted or incorporated material from Sirach in their own works. Throughout the late patristic and medieval periods, Sirach generated a rich commentary tradition ..."
Daniel J. Harrington, Invitation to the Apocrypha (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1999), 90.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 4:31 and Didache 4:5

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