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About this book

Didache

About this book

Rules for Living Together

Chapter 4

1 My child, remember day and night the one who teaches you God's word, and honor him as you would the Lord, for wherever the Lord's nature is spoken of, the Lord is present.⁠ 2 Seek the company of holy people every day so you may find comfort in their words. 3 Don't seek division but reconcile those in conflict. Make fair judgments; don't show favoritism when correcting wrongs. 4 Don't be double-minded about whether something should be or not.⁠ 5 Don't be someone who is eager to receive but reluctant to give.⁠ 6 Give a portion of what you've earned with your hands as a ransom for your sins.⁠ 7 Don't hesitate to give, and don't complain when you do, for you'll know who rewards you well. 8 Don't turn away those in need, but share everything with your family, and don't claim it as your own. If you share in what is eternal, how much more should you share in what is perishable?⁠ 9 Don't withhold correction from your son or daughter, but teach them to respect God from a young age.⁠ 10 Don't treat your slaves harshly out of anger,⁠ especially if they believe in the same God, or they may stop fearing the God who oversees you both. God doesn't show favoritism, but calls those prepared by the Spirit. 11 If you are a slave, obey your master as you would God's representative, with respect and fear. 12 Hate all hypocrisy and everything displeasing to the Lord. 13 Don't abandon God's commandments, but keep what you've received, without adding to it or taking anything away.⁠ 14 Confess your sins in the congregation, and don't pray with a guilty conscience.⁠ This is the way of life.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 91:4 and Didache 4:4

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Early Christian

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Summary

The Didache draws on the traditions behind 1 Enoch 91 in its call to avoid divided loyalties. In 1 Enoch this is based on the “two ways” tradition from Deuteronomy that requires Israel to choose between life and death.

Passages

1 Enoch 91:4

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
3 And he spoke to all the children of righteousness and said: 'Listen, sons of Enoch, to all the words of your father, and pay close attention to the sound of my voice; for I urge you and say to you, beloved: Love integrity and walk in its ways. 4 And do not approach integrity with a double heart, and do not associate with those who have a double heart, but walk in righteousness, my sons. It will guide you on good paths, and righteousness will be your companion. 5 For I know that violence must increase on the earth, and a great punishment will be executed on the earth, and all wickedness will come to an end: yes, it will be completely eradicated from its roots, and its entire structure will be destroyed.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

Didache 4:4

Early Christian
2 Seek the company of holy people every day so you may find comfort in their words. 3 Don't seek division but reconcile those in conflict. Make fair judgments; don't show favoritism when correcting wrongs. 4 Don't be double-minded about whether something should be or not. 5 Don't be someone who is eager to receive but reluctant to give. 6 Give a portion of what you've earned with your hands as a ransom for your sins.
90–120 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Didache

References

"... While the second instance, which brands “those of double heart” as a group, does not allow for ambiguity that conceives of them doing good as well as bad, the first occurrence holds open the possibility that anyone, perhaps even the righteous, might be subject to the “double heart”, and so warns them away. This point cannot, in the end, be pressed too far. The remaining emphasis on “two ways” throughout chapters 91–105 distinguishes the righteous and sinners or oppressors as social groups to such a degree that it is more likely that the righteous are simply being warned away from getting into a state of dividedness (i.e. sinfulness) to begin with ... A similar use of the motif of “double-mindedness” occurs within the “two ways” instruction in Didache 1:1–6:3; see especially 2:4 and 4:4 ..."
Loren T. Stuckenbruck, 1 Enoch 91–108 (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, 2007), 167.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 91:4 and Didache 4:4

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