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1 Enoch

About this book

Enoch Instructs His Children

Chapter 91

1 'And now, my son Methuselah, call to me all your brothers and gather all the sons of your mother; for the word calls me, and the spirit is poured out upon me, so that I may show you everything that will happen to you forever.' 2 And then Methuselah went and summoned all his brothers and assembled his relatives. 3 And he spoke to all the children of righteousness and said: 'Listen, sons of Enoch, to all the words of your father, and pay close attention to the sound of my voice; for I urge you and say to you, beloved: Love integrity and walk in its ways. 4 And do not approach integrity with a double heart, and do not associate with those who have a double heart, but walk in righteousness, my sons.⁠ It will guide you on good paths, and righteousness will be your companion. 5 For I know that violence must increase on the earth, and a great punishment will be executed on the earth, and all wickedness will come to an end: yes, it will be completely eradicated from its roots, and its entire structure will be destroyed. 6 And wickedness will again be complete on the earth, and all acts of wickedness, violence, and transgression will prevail to a greater degree. 7 And when sin, wickedness, blasphemy, and violence in all kinds of deeds increase, and apostasy, transgression, and impurity increase, a great punishment will come from heaven upon all these, and the holy Lord will come forth with anger and punishment to execute judgment on earth. 8 In those days, violence will be eradicated from its roots, and the roots of wickedness along with deceit, and they will be destroyed from under heaven. 9 And all the idols of the nations will be abandoned, and the temples burned with fire, and they will be removed from the whole earth, and they (i.e., the nations) will be cast into the judgment of fire, and will perish in anger and in severe judgment forever. 10 And the righteous will awaken from their sleep, and wisdom will arise and be given to them. 11 And after that, the roots of wickedness will be cut off, and sinners will be destroyed by the sword . . . will be cut off from the blasphemers in every place, and those who plan violence and those who commit blasphemy will perish by the sword. 12 And after that, there will be another, the eighth week, that of righteousness,⁠ and a sword will be given to it that a righteous judgment may be executed on the oppressors, and sinners will be delivered into the hands of the righteous. 13 And at its end, they will acquire houses through their righteousness, and a house will be built for the Great King in glory forevermore. 14 And after that, in the ninth week, the righteous judgment will be revealed to the whole world, and all the works of the godless will vanish from all the earth, and the world will be written down for destruction, and all mankind will look to the path of uprightness. 15 And after this, in the tenth week in the seventh part,⁠ there will be the great eternal judgment, in which He will execute vengeance among the angels. 16 And the first heaven will depart and pass away, and a new heaven will appear, and all the powers of the heavens will give sevenfold light.⁠ 17 And after that there will be many weeks without number forever, and all will be in goodness and righteousness, and sin will no longer be mentioned forever. 18 And now I tell you, my sons, and show you the paths of righteousness and the paths of violence.⁠ Yes, I will show them to you again so that you may know what will happen.⁠ 19 And now, listen to me, my sons, and walk in the paths of righteousness, and do not walk in the paths of violence; for all who walk in the paths of unrighteousness shall perish forever.'

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 91:4 and Didache 4:4

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Early Christian

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Summary

The Didache draws on the traditions behind 1 Enoch 91 in its call to avoid divided loyalties. In 1 Enoch this is based on the “two ways” tradition from Deuteronomy that requires Israel to choose between life and death.

Passages

1 Enoch 91:4

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
3 And he spoke to all the children of righteousness and said: 'Listen, sons of Enoch, to all the words of your father, and pay close attention to the sound of my voice; for I urge you and say to you, beloved: Love integrity and walk in its ways. 4 And do not approach integrity with a double heart, and do not associate with those who have a double heart, but walk in righteousness, my sons. It will guide you on good paths, and righteousness will be your companion. 5 For I know that violence must increase on the earth, and a great punishment will be executed on the earth, and all wickedness will come to an end: yes, it will be completely eradicated from its roots, and its entire structure will be destroyed.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

Didache 4:4

Early Christian
2 Seek the company of holy people every day so you may find comfort in their words. 3 Don't seek division but reconcile those in conflict. Make fair judgments; don't show favoritism when correcting wrongs. 4 Don't be double-minded about whether something should be or not. 5 Don't be someone who is eager to receive but reluctant to give. 6 Give a portion of what you've earned with your hands as a ransom for your sins.
90–120 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Didache

References

"... While the second instance, which brands “those of double heart” as a group, does not allow for ambiguity that conceives of them doing good as well as bad, the first occurrence holds open the possibility that anyone, perhaps even the righteous, might be subject to the “double heart”, and so warns them away. This point cannot, in the end, be pressed too far. The remaining emphasis on “two ways” throughout chapters 91–105 distinguishes the righteous and sinners or oppressors as social groups to such a degree that it is more likely that the righteous are simply being warned away from getting into a state of dividedness (i.e. sinfulness) to begin with ... A similar use of the motif of “double-mindedness” occurs within the “two ways” instruction in Didache 1:1–6:3; see especially 2:4 and 4:4 ..."
Loren T. Stuckenbruck, 1 Enoch 91–108 (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, 2007), 167.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 91:4 and Didache 4:4

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