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About this book

Didache

About this book

Rules for Living Together

Chapter 4

1 My child, remember day and night the one who teaches you God's word, and honor him as you would the Lord, for wherever the Lord's nature is spoken of, the Lord is present.⁠ 2 Seek the company of holy people every day so you may find comfort in their words. 3 Don't seek division but reconcile those in conflict. Make fair judgments; don't show favoritism when correcting wrongs. 4 Don't be double-minded about whether something should be or not.⁠ 5 Don't be someone who is eager to receive but reluctant to give.⁠ 6 Give a portion of what you've earned with your hands as a ransom for your sins.⁠ 7 Don't hesitate to give, and don't complain when you do, for you'll know who rewards you well. 8 Don't turn away those in need, but share everything with your family, and don't claim it as your own. If you share in what is eternal, how much more should you share in what is perishable?⁠ 9 Don't withhold correction from your son or daughter, but teach them to respect God from a young age.⁠ 10 Don't treat your slaves harshly out of anger,⁠ especially if they believe in the same God, or they may stop fearing the God who oversees you both. God doesn't show favoritism, but calls those prepared by the Spirit. 11 If you are a slave, obey your master as you would God's representative, with respect and fear. 12 Hate all hypocrisy and everything displeasing to the Lord. 13 Don't abandon God's commandments, but keep what you've received, without adding to it or taking anything away.⁠ 14 Confess your sins in the congregation, and don't pray with a guilty conscience.⁠ This is the way of life.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1QS 1:24 and Didache 4:14

Dead Sea Scrolls, Sectarian and Community Texts · Early Christian

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Summary

In the Community Rule from the Dead Sea Scrolls, those entering the community confess their sins together. In the Didache, an early church manual, readers also confess their sins in the congregation, a public confession that later versions dropped.

Passages

1QS 1:24

Dead Sea Scrolls, Sectarian and Community Texts · Community Rule
22 and proclaim all his merciful kindnesses toward Israel. And the Levites shall recount 23 the iniquities of the sons of Israel and all their guilty transgressions and their sins in the dominion of 24 Belial. [And all] who pass over into the covenant shall confess after them, saying, “We have done wrong, 25 we have transgressed, we have sinned, we have acted wickedly, we and our fathers before us, by walking 26 [contrary to the statutes of] truth and righteousness. [God has carried out] his judgment on us and on our fathers,
160–100 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1QS

Didache 4:14

Early Christian
10 Don't treat your slaves harshly out of anger, especially if they believe in the same God, or they may stop fearing the God who oversees you both. God doesn't show favoritism, but calls those prepared by the Spirit. 11 If you are a slave, obey your master as you would God's representative, with respect and fear. 12 Hate all hypocrisy and everything displeasing to the Lord. 13 Don't abandon God's commandments, but keep what you've received, without adding to it or taking anything away. 14 Confess your sins in the congregation, and don't pray with a guilty conscience. This is the way of life.
90–120 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Didache

References

“... The deletion of [...] is probably the result of an embarrassment at the idea of such public confession of sins. A large part of the early Church refused to accept the idea of the forgiveness of post-Baptismal sin. In any case, confession came to be a more private affair. Ba., Ca and Da have lost contact with the original locus of the confession mentioned here, which was, it would seem, a public confession of sins at the Covenant Renewal ceremony, at which new members were probably admitted, and which was part of the original Two Ways tradition. Thus in 1QS 1:22-26: [...] [...] It is not clear how [...] in Did. fits into this context. Possibly it is a reference to the prayer of Covenant renewal, or to the confession of sins itself. ...”
Jonathan Alfred Draper, “A Commentary on the Didache in the Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Documents” (PhD diss., University of Cambridge, 1983), 111–112.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1QS 1:24 and Didache 4:14

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