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1QS

Community Rule

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Column 1

1 For […] … for his life, [the book of the] rule of the community: to seek 2 God with [all the heart] and with [all the soul], to do what is good and upright before him, as 3 he commanded by the hand of Moses and by the hand of all his servants the prophets; and to love all⁠ 4 that he has chosen and to hate all that he has rejected; to keep far from all evil 5 and to cling to all good works; and to do truth and righteousness and justice 6 in the land; and to walk no longer in the stubbornness of a guilty heart and eyes of fornication, 7 doing all evil; and to bring all who volunteer to do the statutes of God 8 into the covenant of kindness, to be joined in the counsel of God and to walk perfectly before him in all 9 that has been revealed for their appointed times; and to love all the sons of light,⁠ each⁠ 10 according to his lot in the counsel of God, and to hate all the sons of darkness, each according to his guilt 11 in the vengeance of God. And all who volunteer for his truth shall bring all their knowledge and their strength 12 and their wealth into the community of God, to purify their knowledge in the truth of the statutes of God, and to order their strength 13 according to the perfection of his ways, and all their wealth according to his righteous counsel; and not to step aside from any one⁠ 14 of all the words of God in their ages, and not to advance their times or to fall behind 15 any of their appointed times; and not to turn from his true statutes to go to the right or to the left. 16 And all who come into the rule of the community shall pass over into the covenant before God, to do 17 according to all that he has commanded, and not to turn back from following him because of any fear or dread or testing 18 that comes in the dominion of Belial. And when they pass over into the covenant, the priests 19 and the Levites shall bless the God of salvation and all his works of truth, and all 20 who pass over into the covenant shall say after them, “Amen, amen.” 21 And the priests shall recount the righteous acts of God in his mighty works 22 and proclaim all his merciful kindnesses toward Israel. And the Levites shall recount 23 the iniquities of the sons of Israel and all their guilty transgressions and their sins in the dominion of 24 Belial. [And all] who pass over into the covenant shall confess after them, saying, “We have done wrong,⁠ 25 we have transgressed, we have sinned, we have acted wickedly, we and our fathers before us, by walking 26 [contrary to the statutes of] truth and righteousness. [God has carried out] his judgment on us and on our fathers,

Texts in conversation

Compare 1QS 1:24 and Didache 4:14

Dead Sea Scrolls, Sectarian and Community Texts · Early Christian

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Summary

In the Community Rule from the Dead Sea Scrolls, those entering the community confess their sins together. In the Didache, an early church manual, readers also confess their sins in the congregation, a public confession that later versions dropped.

Passages

1QS 1:24

Dead Sea Scrolls, Sectarian and Community Texts · Community Rule
22 and proclaim all his merciful kindnesses toward Israel. And the Levites shall recount 23 the iniquities of the sons of Israel and all their guilty transgressions and their sins in the dominion of 24 Belial. [And all] who pass over into the covenant shall confess after them, saying, “We have done wrong, 25 we have transgressed, we have sinned, we have acted wickedly, we and our fathers before us, by walking 26 [contrary to the statutes of] truth and righteousness. [God has carried out] his judgment on us and on our fathers,
160–100 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1QS

Didache 4:14

Early Christian
10 Don't treat your slaves harshly out of anger, especially if they believe in the same God, or they may stop fearing the God who oversees you both. God doesn't show favoritism, but calls those prepared by the Spirit. 11 If you are a slave, obey your master as you would God's representative, with respect and fear. 12 Hate all hypocrisy and everything displeasing to the Lord. 13 Don't abandon God's commandments, but keep what you've received, without adding to it or taking anything away. 14 Confess your sins in the congregation, and don't pray with a guilty conscience. This is the way of life.
90–120 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Didache

References

“... The deletion of [...] is probably the result of an embarrassment at the idea of such public confession of sins. A large part of the early Church refused to accept the idea of the forgiveness of post-Baptismal sin. In any case, confession came to be a more private affair. Ba., Ca and Da have lost contact with the original locus of the confession mentioned here, which was, it would seem, a public confession of sins at the Covenant Renewal ceremony, at which new members were probably admitted, and which was part of the original Two Ways tradition. Thus in 1QS 1:22-26: [...] [...] It is not clear how [...] in Did. fits into this context. Possibly it is a reference to the prayer of Covenant renewal, or to the confession of sins itself. ...”
Jonathan Alfred Draper, “A Commentary on the Didache in the Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Documents” (PhD diss., University of Cambridge, 1983), 111–112.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1QS 1:24 and Didache 4:14

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