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Deuteronomy

About this book
Chapter 9

1 Listen, Israel: Today you are about to cross the Jordan so you can dispossess the nations there, people greater and stronger than you who live in large cities with walls that reach to the heavens.1⁠ 2 They include the Anakites, a numerous and tall people whom you know about and of whom it is said, “Who is able to resist the Anakites?” 3 Understand today that the Lord your God who goes before you is a devouring fire; he will defeat and subdue them before you. You will dispossess and destroy them quickly just as he has told you. 4 Do not think to yourself after the Lord your God has driven them out before you, “Because of my own righteousness the Lord has brought me here to possess this land.” It is because of the wickedness of these nations that the Lord is driving them out ahead of you. 5 It is not because of your righteousness, or even your inner uprightness, that you have come here to possess their land.⁠ Instead, because of the wickedness of these nations, the Lord your God is driving them out ahead of you in order to confirm the promise he made on oath to your ancestors, to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. 6 Understand, therefore, that it is not because of your righteousness that the Lord your God is about to give you this good land as a possession, for you are a stubborn people! 7 Remember—don’t ever forget—how you provoked the Lord your God in the wilderness; from the time you left the land of Egypt until you came to this place you were constantly rebelling against him. 8 At Horeb you provoked him and he was angry enough with you to destroy you. 9 When I went up the mountain to receive the stone tablets, the tablets of the covenant that the Lord made with you, I remained there 40 days and nights, eating and drinking nothing. 10 The Lord gave me the two stone tablets, written by the very finger of God, and on them was everything he said to you at the mountain from the midst of the fire at the time of that assembly. 11 Now at the end of the 40 days and nights the Lord presented me with the two stone tablets, the tablets of the covenant. 12 And he said to me, “Get up, go down at once from here because your people whom you brought out of Egypt have sinned! They have quickly turned from the way I commanded them and have made for themselves a cast metal image.” 13 Moreover, he said to me, “I have taken note of these people; they are a stubborn lot! 14 Stand aside and I will destroy them, obliterating their very name from memory,⁠ and I will make you into a stronger and more numerous nation than they are.” 15 So I turned and went down the mountain while it was blazing with fire; the two tablets of the covenant were in my hands. 16 When I looked, you had indeed sinned against the Lord your God and had cast for yourselves a metal calf; you had quickly turned aside from the way he had commanded you! 17 I grabbed the two tablets, threw them down, and shattered them before your very eyes.⁠ 18 Then I again fell down before the Lord for 40 days and nights; I ate and drank nothing because of all the sin you had committed, doing such evil before the Lord as to enrage him. 19 For I was terrified at the Lord’s intense anger that threatened to destroy you. But he listened to me this time as well.⁠ 20 The Lord was also angry enough at Aaron to kill him, but at that time I prayed for him too.⁠ 21 As for your sinful thing that you had made, the calf, I took it, melted it down, ground it up until it was as fine as dust,⁠ and tossed the dust into the stream that flows down the mountain.⁠ 22 Moreover, you continued to provoke the Lord at Taberah, Massah, and Kibroth Hattaavah. 23 And when he sent you from Kadesh Barnea and told you, “Go up and possess the land I have given you,” you rebelled against the Lord your God and would neither believe nor obey him. 24 You have been rebelling against him from the very first day I knew you! 25 I lay flat on the ground before the Lord for 40 days and nights, for he had said he would destroy you. 26 I prayed to him: O, Sovereign Lord, do not destroy your people, your valued property that you have powerfully redeemed, whom you brought out of Egypt by your strength. 27 Remember your servants Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; ignore the stubbornness, wickedness, and sin of these people. 28 Otherwise the people of the land from which you brought us will say, “The Lord was unable to bring them to the land he promised them, and because of his hatred for them he has brought them out to kill them in the wilderness.”⁠ 29 They are your people, your valued property, whom you brought out with great strength and power.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 11:4 and Deuteronomy 9:1

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Genesis 11 describes the tower of Babel with its top in heaven, language echoed in Deuteronomy 9 to describe the cities of Canaan that appeared impossible to conquer. Both texts use this language to depict the power of Israel's enemies.

Passages

Genesis 11:4

Hebrew Bible
2 When the people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar and settled there. 3 Then they said to one another, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them thoroughly.” (They had brick instead of stone and tar instead of mortar.) 4 Then they said, “Come, let’s build ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the heavens so that we may make a name for ourselves. Otherwise we will be scattered across the face of the entire earth.” 5 But the Lord came down to see the city and the tower that the people had started building. 6 And the Lord said, “If as one people all sharing a common language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be beyond them.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Deuteronomy 9:1

Hebrew Bible
1 Listen, Israel: Today you are about to cross the Jordan so you can dispossess the nations there, people greater and stronger than you who live in large cities with walls that reach to the heavens.1 2 They include the Anakites, a numerous and tall people whom you know about and of whom it is said, “Who is able to resist the Anakites?” 3 Understand today that the Lord your God who goes before you is a devouring fire; he will defeat and subdue them before you. You will dispossess and destroy them quickly just as he has told you.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

References

"... The human project includes building a city and a tower that is the equivalent of a modern skyscraper. This is the second reference to city building, the first being 4:17. The word for tower is miḡdāl, which is related to the word “great” (gāḏôl), thus suggesting the Olympian nature of the building project. miḡdāl normally refers to a fortified tower or acropolis (Judges 8:9, 17; 9:46–52; Psalm 48:13; 61:4; Ezekiel 26:9). In Isaiah especially it is a symbol of strength and pride (Isaiah 2:15; 30:25; 33:18), and thus what it represents is abhorred by God (Isaiah 25:2–3). The impression created is that these builders are megalomaniacs. This impression is strengthened by the fact that the aspiration is to build a tower with its peak in the heavens. Had the writer wanted to say simply that the plan was to build a high tower he had at his disposal a number of words that would easily have conveyed that idea. Yet it is clear from other Old Testament passages that the expression “with its peak in the heavens” is figurative language to describe edifices of impressive and monumental proportions. The returning spies reported to Moses that the cities of the Canaanites “are great and fortified up to heaven” (Deuteronomy 1:28). Even God describes the cities Israel is to dispossess as “cities great and fortified up to heaven” (Deuteronomy 9:1). The oracle of Jeremiah against Babylon includes a passage strikingly similar to that in Genesis 11 - “Though Babylon should mount up to heaven, and though she should fortify her strong height, yet destroyers would come from me upon her, says the Lord” (Jeremiah 51:53). The text does not say how the erection of such an edifice would guarantee that they would make a name for themselves. If we take “name” to signify reputation, as our translation reflects, then the connection would be that the completion of such a titanic building would bring a certain fame and immortality to its builders ..."
Victor P. Hamilton, The Book of Genesis: Chapters 1-17 (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1990), 203.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 11:4 and Deuteronomy 9:1

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