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Deuteronomy

About this book
Chapter 17

1 You must not sacrifice to him a bull or sheep that has a blemish or any other defect, because that is considered offensive to the Lord your God. 2 Suppose a man or woman is discovered among you in one of your villages that the Lord your God is giving you who sins before the Lord your God and breaks his covenant 3 by serving other gods and worshiping them—the sun, moon, or any other heavenly bodies that I have not permitted you to worship.⁠ 4 When it is reported to you and you hear about it, you must investigate carefully. If it is indeed true that such a disgraceful thing is being done in Israel, 5 you must bring to your city gates that man or woman who has done this wicked thing—that very man or woman—and you must stone that person to death. 6 At the testimony of two or three witnesses the person must be executed.⁠ They cannot be put to death on the testimony of only one witness. 7 The witnesses must be first to begin the execution, and then all the people are to join in afterward. In this way you will purge the evil from among you. 8 If a matter is too difficult for you to judge—bloodshed, legal claim, or assault—matters of controversy in your villages—you must leave there and go up to the place the Lord your God chooses.⁠ 9 You will go to the Levitical priests and the judge in office in those days and seek a solution; they will render a verdict.⁠ 10 You must then do as they have determined at that place the Lord chooses. Be careful to do just as you are taught.⁠ 11 You must do what you are instructed, and the verdict they pronounce to you, without fail. Do not deviate right or left from what they tell you. 12 The person who pays no attention to the priest currently serving the Lord your God there, or to the judge—that person must die, so that you may purge evil from Israel. 13 Then all the people will hear and be afraid, and not be so presumptuous again. 14 When you come to the land the Lord your God is giving you and take it over and live in it and then say, “I will select a king like all the nations surrounding me,” 15 you must select without fail a king whom the Lord your God chooses. From among your fellow citizens you must appoint a king—you may not designate a foreigner who is not one of your fellow Israelites.⁠ 16 Moreover, he must not accumulate horses for himself⁠ or allow the people to return to Egypt to do so, for the Lord has said you must never again return that way.⁠ 17 Furthermore, he must not marry many wives lest his affections turn aside,⁠ and he must not accumulate much silver and gold. 18 When he sits on his royal throne he must make a copy of this law on a scroll given to him by the Levitical priests. 19 It must be with him constantly, and he must read it as long as he lives,⁠ so that he may learn to revere the Lord his God and observe all the words of this law and these statutes and carry them out.⁠ 20 Then he will not exalt himself above his fellow citizens or turn from the commandments to the right or left, and he and his descendants will enjoy many years ruling over his kingdom in Israel.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 17:3 and LXX Deuteronomy 17:3

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Deuteronomy 17 forbids Israel to worship the sun, moon, and stars. The Greek Septuagint translation adds that these beings were “not assigned” to Israel, implying they are real but belonged to other nations, showing how they functioned as patron deities.

Passages

Deuteronomy 17:3

Hebrew Bible
2 Suppose a man or woman is discovered among you in one of your villages that the Lord your God is giving you who sins before the Lord your God and breaks his covenant 3 by serving other gods and worshiping them—the sun, moon, or any other heavenly bodies that I have not permitted you to worship. 4 When it is reported to you and you hear about it, you must investigate carefully. If it is indeed true that such a disgraceful thing is being done in Israel,
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

LXX Deuteronomy 17:3

Septuagint
2 And if there should be found in any one of your cities, which the Lord your God gives you, a man or a woman who shall do that which is evil before the Lord your God, so as to transgress his covenant, 3 and they should go and serve other gods, and worship them, the sun, or the moon, or any of the host of heaven, which he did not command, 4 and it be told you, and you shall have inquired diligently, and, look, the thing really took place, this abomination has been done in Israel;
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Deuteronomy

References

"... the problem here is that every element he highlights is just as easily accounted for in royal terms. The combined ἔρχοµαι + προσκυνέω (2:2, 8, 11) which is said to “denote a cultic action in the Septuagint” is also used to describe the approach and reverence of royal figures (LXX Genesis 37:10; 42:6; compare Judith 10:23) ... a common way of describing a cultic action by the combined use of ἔρχοµαι + προσκυνέω. While my own investigation did confirm some use of these paired terms in the context of cultic activity such as LXX Deuteronomy 17:3; Jeremiah 33:2 ... Similarly, the combined προσϕέρω + δῶρον (2:11) may often be used in the LXX for cultic offerings to God (particularly throughout Leviticus and Numbers), but it is also often used for tribute paid to royalty (LXX Genesis 43:26; Judges 3:17–18; 3 Kingdoms 2:46), most notably in LXX Psalm 71:10 which, as already noted, is widely accepted as a key background text for Matthew 2 ..."
Ray M. Lozano, The Proskynesis of Jesus in the New Testament: A Study on the Significance of Jesus as an Object of προσκυνέω in the New Testament Writings, LNTS 609 (London: T&T Clark, 2020), 77.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 17:3 and LXX Deuteronomy 17:3

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