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Daniel

About this book
Chapter 9

1 In the first year of Darius son of Ahasuerus, who was of Median descent and who had been appointed king over the Babylonian empire— 2 in the first year of his reign I, Daniel, came to understand from the sacred books that the number of years for the fulfilling of the desolation of Jerusalem, which had come as the Lord’s message to the prophet Jeremiah, would be 70 years.⁠ 3 So I turned my attention to the Lord God to implore him by prayer and requests, with fasting, sackcloth, and ashes. 4 I prayed to the Lord my God, confessing in this way: “O Lord, great and awesome God who is faithful to his covenant with those who love him⁠ and keep his commandments,⁠ 5 we have sinned! We have done what is wrong and wicked; we have rebelled by turning away from your commandments and standards. 6 We have not paid attention to your servants the prophets, who spoke by your authority to our kings, our leaders, and our ancestors, and to all the inhabitants of the land as well. 7 “You are righteous, O Lord, but we are humiliated this day—the people of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem and all Israel, both near and far away in all the countries in which you have scattered them because they have behaved unfaithfully toward you. 8 O Lord, we have been humiliated—our kings, our leaders, and our ancestors—because we have sinned against you. 9 Yet the Lord our God is compassionate and forgiving, even though we have rebelled against him.⁠ 10 We have not obeyed the Lord our God by living according to his laws that he set before us through his servants the prophets. 11 “All Israel has broken your law and turned away by not obeying you. Therefore you have poured out on us the judgment solemnly threatened in the law of Moses the servant of God, for we have sinned against you. 12 He has carried out his threats against us and our rulers who were over us by bringing great calamity on us—what has happened to Jerusalem has never been equaled under all heaven! 13 Just as it is written in the law of Moses, so all this calamity has come on us.⁠ Still we have not tried to pacify the Lord our God by turning back from our sin and by seeking wisdom from your reliable moral standards. 14 The Lord was mindful of the calamity, and he brought it on us. For the Lord our God is just in all he has done, and we have not obeyed him. 15 “Now, O Lord our God, who brought your people out of the land of Egypt with great power and made a name for yourself that is remembered to this day—we have sinned and behaved wickedly. 16 O Lord, according to all your justice, please turn your raging anger away from your city Jerusalem, your holy mountain. For due to our sins and the iniquities of our ancestors, Jerusalem and your people are mocked by all our neighbors. 17 “So now, our God, accept the prayer and requests of your servant, and show favor to your devastated sanctuary for your own sake. 18 Listen attentively, my God, and hear! Open your eyes and look on our desolated ruins and the city called by your name. For it is not because of our own righteous deeds that we are praying to you, but because your compassion is abundant. 19 O Lord, hear! O Lord, forgive! O Lord, pay attention, and act! Don’t delay, for your own sake, O my God!⁠ For your city and your people are called by your name.” 20 While I was still speaking and praying, confessing my sin and the sin of my people Israel⁠ and presenting my request before the Lord my God concerning his holy mountain— 21 yes, while I was still praying, the man Gabriel, whom I had seen previously in a vision, was approaching me in my state of extreme weariness, around the time of the evening offering. 22 He spoke with me, instructing me as follows: “Daniel, I have now come to impart understanding to you. 23 At the beginning of your requests a message went out, and I have come to convey it to you, for you are of great value in God’s sight. Therefore consider the message and understand the vision: 24 “Seventy weeks have been determined⁠ concerning your people and your holy city to put an end to rebellion, to bring sin to completion, to atone for iniquity, to bring in perpetual righteousness, to seal up the prophetic vision, and to anoint a Most Holy Place.⁠ 25 So know and understand: From the issuing of the command to restore and rebuild Jerusalem until an anointed one, a prince arrives, there will be a period of seven weeks and sixty-two weeks. It will again be built, with plaza and moat, but in distressful times. 26 Now after the sixty-two weeks, an anointed one will be cut off⁠ and have nothing. As for the city and the sanctuary, the people of the coming prince will destroy them. But his end will come speedily like a flood. Until the end of the war that has been decreed there will be destruction.⁠ 27 He will confirm a covenant with many for one week. But in the middle of that week he will bring sacrifices and offerings to a halt. On the wing of abominations will come one who destroys,⁠ until the decreed end is poured out on the one who destroys.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Daniel 9:24 and Jubilees 50:4

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

Jubilees and Daniel use “weeks of years” to show history following a pattern. Jubilees counts 49 jubilees from Adam to its time, and Daniel describes seventy weeks of years, or 490 years. Both describe Israel’s history as ordered rather than random.

Passages

Daniel 9:24

Hebrew Bible
23 At the beginning of your requests a message went out, and I have come to convey it to you, for you are of great value in God’s sight. Therefore consider the message and understand the vision: 24 “Seventy weeks have been determined concerning your people and your holy city to put an end to rebellion, to bring sin to completion, to atone for iniquity, to bring in perpetual righteousness, to seal up the prophetic vision, and to anoint a Most Holy Place. 25 So know and understand: From the issuing of the command to restore and rebuild Jerusalem until an anointed one, a prince arrives, there will be a period of seven weeks and sixty-two weeks. It will again be built, with plaza and moat, but in distressful times. 26 Now after the sixty-two weeks, an anointed one will be cut off and have nothing. As for the city and the sanctuary, the people of the coming prince will destroy them. But his end will come speedily like a flood. Until the end of the war that has been decreed there will be destruction.
200–101 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Daniel

Jubilees 50:4

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
3 And the land also shall keep its sabbaths while they live on it, and they shall know the jubilee year. 4 Therefore I have ordained for you the year-weeks and the years and the jubilees: there are forty-nine jubilees from the days of Adam until today, and one week and two years [2410]: and there are yet forty years to come (lit. 'distant') for learning the commandments of the Lord, until they cross into the land of Canaan, crossing the Jordan to the west [2450]. 5 And the jubilees shall pass by, until Israel is cleansed from all guilt of sexual immorality, and impurity, and pollution, and sin, and error, and lives securely in all the land, and there shall be no more a Satan or any evil one, and the land shall be clean from that time forevermore.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

References

"... A somewhat different, and potentially more sophisticated, approach was adopted by other writers during Second Temple times, and that was to fix on the larger unit of time called the jubilee. After all, the jubilee was mentioned as a significant measure of time within the Torah itself so it must be important! This 49-year unit was not only composed of seven sub-units of seven years apiece (“weeks of years”), but it itself could be thought of as a sub-unit of still larger blocks of time. So it was that some writers of this period liked to think of history as moving forward in units of ten jubilees apiece - 490 years. (Also reflected in Daniel 9:24-27, where seven weeks of seventy years equals 490 years ...) But even that might be on the small side; perhaps the main events in Israel’s history were demarcated by even larger units. The point was that, if one considered these larger numerical patterns, the idea of divine control of Israel’s history could be upheld despite the little surface disturbances that might spring up for a century or two and then disappear ..."
James L. Kugel, A Walk through Jubilees: Studies in the Book of Jubilees and the World of Its Creation (Leiden: Brill, 2012), 9–10.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Daniel 9:24 and Jubilees 50:4

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