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Daniel

About this book
Chapter 10

1 In the third year of King Cyrus of Persia a message was revealed to Daniel (who was also called Belteshazzar). This message was true and concerned a great war. He understood the message and gained insight by the vision. 2 In those days I, Daniel, was mourning for three whole weeks. 3 I ate no choice food, no meat or wine came to my lips, nor did I anoint myself with oil until the end of those three weeks.⁠ 4 On the twenty-fourth day of the first month I was beside the great river, the Tigris. 5 I looked up and saw a man clothed in linen; around his waist was a belt made of gold from Ufaz. 6 His body resembled yellow jasper, and his face had an appearance like lightning.⁠ His eyes were like blazing torches;⁠ his arms and feet had the gleam of polished bronze.⁠ His voice thundered forth like the sound of a large crowd. 7 Only I, Daniel, saw the vision; the men who were with me did not see it. On the contrary, they were overcome with fright and ran away to hide. 8 I alone was left to see this great vision. My strength drained from me, and my vigor disappeared; I was without energy. 9 I listened to his voice, and as I did so I fell into a trance-like sleep with my face to the ground. 10 Then a hand touched me and set me on my hands and knees.⁠ 11 He said to me, “Daniel, you are of great value. Understand the words that I am about to speak to you. So stand up, for I have now been sent to you.” When he said this to me, I stood up shaking. 12 Then he said to me, “Don’t be afraid, Daniel, for from the very first day you applied your mind to understand and to humble yourself before your God, your words were heard. I have come in response to your words. 13 However, the prince of the kingdom of Persia was opposing me for 21 days. But Michael, one of the leading princes, came to help me, because I was left there with the kings of Persia. 14 Now I have come to help you understand what will happen to your people in future days, for the vision pertains to days to come.” 15 While he was saying this to me, I was flat on the ground and unable to speak. 16 Then one who appeared to be a human being was touching my lips. I opened my mouth and started to speak, saying to the one who was standing before me, “Sir, due to the vision, anxiety has gripped me and I have no strength. 17 How, sir, am I able to speak with you? My strength is gone, and I am breathless.” 18 Then the one who appeared to be a human being touched me again and strengthened me. 19 He said to me, “Don’t be afraid, you who are highly valued. Peace be to you! Be strong! Be really strong!” When he spoke to me, I was strengthened. I said, “Sir, you may speak now, for you have given me strength.” 20 He said, “Do you know why I have come to you? Now I am about to return to engage in battle with the prince of Persia. When I go, the prince of Greece is coming.⁠ 21 However, I will first tell you what is written in a dependable book. (There is no one who strengthens me against these princes, except Michael your prince.

Texts in conversation

Compare Daniel 10:6 and Apocalypse of Zephaniah 6:11

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

Daniel describes an angel with a golden belt, a face like lightning, and feet like bronze. The Apocalypse of Zephaniah echoes this tradition, describing an angel with a golden belt, a sun-bright face, and feet like glowing brass.

Passages

Daniel 10:6

Hebrew Bible
4 On the twenty-fourth day of the first month I was beside the great river, the Tigris. 5 I looked up and saw a man clothed in linen; around his waist was a belt made of gold from Ufaz. 6 His body resembled yellow jasper, and his face had an appearance like lightning. His eyes were like blazing torches; his arms and feet had the gleam of polished bronze. His voice thundered forth like the sound of a large crowd. 7 Only I, Daniel, saw the vision; the men who were with me did not see it. On the contrary, they were overcome with fright and ran away to hide.
200–101 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Daniel

Apocalypse of Zephaniah 6:11

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
10 I could not stand, and I began to pray before the Lord Almighty: "You will rescue me from this distress, you who rescued Israel from the hand of Pharaoh, the king of Egypt. You rescued Susanna from the hand of the wicked elders. You rescued the three holy men, Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego, from the blazing, fiery furnace. I beg you to rescue me too from this distress." 11 Then I got up and stood, and I saw a great angel standing in front of me. His face shone like the rays of the sun in its glory, and his face was like the face of one filled with his glory. 12 He wore what looked like a golden belt around his chest, and his feet were like brass glowing in the fire.
100 BCE – 175 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Apocalypse of Zephaniah

References

"... The 'strong angel' who descends from heaven incorporates a combination of attributes suggesting the significance of his function. Similar to the Christ in the opening epiphany, 'his face (is) as the sun' (10:1; compare 1:16). The motif of a shining face occurs in several connections in biblical and early Christian tradition: Moses' face shines after his descent from Sinai (Exodus 34:29-35; compare 2 Corinthians 3:7); it will 'shine as the brightness of the firmament' (Daniel 12:3; LXX 'as the stars of heaven'). Though the angel's descent with the little scroll from heaven echoes Moses' descent with the Torah from Sinai, the element 'as the sun' links him, on the level of the text, more directly with the opening Christophany. While admitting that the language in 1:16c may have been influenced by the text in Judges 5:31, Collins ultimately derives the feature in 1:16c from the angelophany in Daniel 10:6 ('his face as the appearance of lightning'). This derivation would have particular support if the angel in Revelation 10 was being identified with Gabriel. In the phrase 'as the sun,' however, it seems that the angel's appearance is accommodated to that of the opening Christophany, and hence shows a less immediate dependence on Daniel 10:6. In the Apocalypse of Zephaniah 6:11, which like Revelation 1 shows some dependence on the angelophany in Daniel 10, the 'great angel' Eremiel has a face 'shining like the rays of the sun in its glory.' If we are correct in maintaining that the tradition represented in the Apocalypse of Zephaniah is not dependent on the Johannine Apocalypse, it becomes rather plausible to argue that the similar description of Christ and the 'strong angel' reflects a common (Jewish or Jewish-Christian) exegetical tradition which expanded on Daniel 10:5-6 as it continued to be applied within an angelophanic context. Remaining particular to the Christophany of the Apocalypse of John is ή οψις, which perhaps is best translated 'appearance' rather than 'face.' ..."
Loren T. Stuckenbruck, Angel Veneration and Christology: A Study in Early Judaism and in the Christology of the Apocalypse of John, Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 2. Reihe 70 (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1995), 229–230.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Daniel 10:6 and Apocalypse of Zephaniah 6:11

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