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Book of Opening the Mouth

Opening of the Mouth Ritual

About this book

Opening the Mouth with the Leg, the Meskha and the Ur-hekau

Chapter 5

[Then shall the Sem] say to the statue of the Osiris, the king Men-Maat-Ra, giver of life: “I have come to embrace you. I am Horus. I have pressed for you your mouth. I am your son, your beloved one. I have opened for you your mouth. “Your mother smites you and weeps for you. Those who were bound with you (i.e., Isis and Nephthys) smite you. Your mouth has been made firm. “I have made to balance for you your mouth conformably to your teeth, O statue of king Men-Maat-Ra, the ever-living. I have opened for you your mouth, with the Leg, the Eye of Horus.” “Your mouth has been made firm. I have balanced for you your mouth conformably to your teeth, O statue of the Osiris, king Men-Maat-Ra. I have opened for you your mouth, O statue of the Osiris, king Men-Maat-Ra, the ever-living. I have opened for you the two eyes.”⁠ [And the Sem shall also] say: “Hail, statue of the Osiris, king Men-Maat-Ra, son of Ra, Seti-mer-en-Ptah, I have opened for you your mouth with the instrument of Anpu, I have unclosed for you your mouth with the instrument of Anpu, [with] the meskha (i.e., “thigh”) of iron with which the mouth of the gods was opened. “Horus shall unclose the mouth of this statue of the Osiris, king Men-Maat-Ra, Horus shall open the mouth of the Osiris, king Seti-mer-en-Ptah, Horus has opened the mouth of the statue of the Osiris, king Men-Maat-Ra, son of Ra, Seti-mer-en-Ptah, even as he opened the mouth of his father, as he opened the mouth of Osiris, with the iron which comes forth from Set. “With the meskha of iron with which he opened the mouth of the gods shall be opened the mouth of the Osiris, king Men-Maat-Ra. He shall walk and he shall talk, and his body shall be with the Great Company of the gods in the House of the Great Aged Prince, who dwells in Aunu (Heliopolis). And he shall take possession of the Urerit Crown there before Horus, the Lord of mankind.” And the Am As shall say: “My father, my father! My father, my father! My father, my father! My father, my father!” And the Sem says: “Your mouth has been made firm for you. I have made to balance your mouth for you conformably to your teeth, O statue of Osiris, king Men-Maat-Ra, son of Ra, Seti-mer-en-Ptah. “Lifts up for you the goddess Nut your head. Behold, Horus has taken possession of his Urerit Crown [and] the words of power. Behold, Set has taken possession of his Urerit Crown [and] the words of power. Behold, she (i.e., Nut) has come forth with your head. “All the gods bring to you [words of power], they recite them for you, they make you live, you become a lord of two-fold strength, you make for yourself the passes of life with them, [and life] is round about this statue of the Osiris, king Men-Maat-Ra. You are protected, and you shall not die. “You shall make your transformations among the Kau (or, Doubles) of all the gods. You shall rise up as the King of the South, you shall rise up as the King of the North. You are endowed with strength like all the gods [and] their Kau. “And behold, this statue of the Osiris, king Men-Maat-Ra, is Shu, the son of Tem, and [as] he lives [so] shall you live. Shu has provided you [with all things]. Shu has exalted you to the height of heaven. Shu has made you to be a wonder. Shu has endowed you with strength. “You have made the passes which place life round about the statue of the Osiris, Men-Maat-Ra, son of Ra, Seti-mer-en-Ptah, the ever-living. Your fluid of life is round about him, and this the statue of the Osiris Men-Maat-Ra shall not die. “Horus has opened for you your mouth. He has opened for you your two eyes with the two divine instruments, and with the Ur-hekau instrument with which he opened the mouth of every god of the South.” And the Am As shall say: “My father, my father! My father, my father! My father, my father! My father, my father!”

Texts in conversation

Compare Book of Opening the Mouth 5:5 and Genesis 3:5

Ancient Near East, Egyptian · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In the Egyptian Opening of the Mouth ritual, a priest opens the eyes of a king's statue, the step thought to bring it to life as a god. In Genesis 3, the serpent promises that eating the fruit will open the humans' eyes and make them like God.

Passages

Book of Opening the Mouth 5:5

Ancient Near East, Egyptian · Opening of the Mouth Ritual
“I have made to balance for you your mouth conformably to your teeth, O statue of king Men-Maat-Ra, the ever-living. I have opened for you your mouth, with the Leg, the Eye of Horus.” “Your mouth has been made firm. I have balanced for you your mouth conformably to your teeth, O statue of the Osiris, king Men-Maat-Ra. I have opened for you your mouth, O statue of the Osiris, king Men-Maat-Ra, the ever-living. I have opened for you the two eyes.”
1290–1279 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Book of Opening the Mouth

Genesis 3:5

Hebrew Bible
4 The serpent said to the woman, “Surely you will not die, 5 for God knows that when you eat from it your eyes will open and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.” 6 When the woman saw that the tree produced fruit that was good for food, was attractive to the eye, and was desirable for making one wise, she took some of its fruit and ate it. She also gave some of it to her husband who was with her, and he ate it. 7 Then the eyes of both of them opened, and they knew they were naked; so they sewed fig leaves together and made coverings for themselves.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

References

“... The animation of the sensory organs is one of the prime objectives of the mīs pî and the wpt-r because only then is the image fully alive and able to function properly. In the mīs pî the organ of primary emphasis was the mouth, but the opening of the eyes was an essential part of the animation process. The Babylon text mentions explicitly that the priest is to open the statue’s eye, while in the Nineveh version the opening of the eye is suggested by the repeated command to set the image’s eyes toward the rising sun. In the wpt-r the opening of the eyes with various tools and balls of natron is mentioned and depicted explicitly in multiple scenes. In some cases the ritual was even identified by its fuller title, “Opening of the Mouth and Eyes.” In the Eden story the opening of the eyes is likewise significant. The serpent claims, “For God knows that when you eat of it your eyes will be opened (wənipqəḥû ʿênêkem), and you will be like gods (wihyiytem kēʾlōhîm), knowing good and evil.” If the author of Genesis 2 was familiar with the pīt pî and perhaps the wpt-r, or, rather, simply the idea that the animation of the sensory organs was thought to enliven a divine statue, then his reference to the opening of the eyes and becoming like ʾĕlōhîm may have been a subtle allusion to this practice. In each case, the opening of the eyes was not only an act of animation but of divinization, or, in Gen 3:5–6, an attempt by Adam and Eve at divinization. ...”
Catherine L. McDowell, The Image of God in the Garden of Eden: The Creation of Humankind in Genesis 2:5–3:24 in Light of the mīs pî pīt pî and wpt-r Rituals of Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt, Siphrut: Literature and Theology of the Hebrew Scriptures 15 (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2015), 168–169.

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Book of Opening the Mouth 5:5 and Genesis 3:5

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