So then what God by His prophet has said of the everlasting punishment of the damned will come to pass — will without fail come to pass —“their worm shall not die, nor shall their fire be quenched.” Isaiah 66:24 In order to impress this on us most forcibly, the Lord Jesus Himself, when ordering us to cut off our limbs, meaning by this those persons whom a man loves as the most useful limbs of his body, says, “It is better for you to enter into life maimed, than having two hands to go into hell, into the fire that shall never be quenched; where their worm does not die, and their fire is not quenched.” Similarly of the foot: “It is better for you to enter lame into life, than having two feet to be cast into hell, into the fire that shall never be quenched; where their worm does not die, and the fire is not quenched.” So, too, of the eye: “It is better for you to enter into the kingdom of God with one eye, than having two eyes to be cast into hell fire: where their worm does not die, and the fire is not quenched.” Mark 9:43-48 He did not shrink from using the same words three times over in one passage. And who is not terrified by this repetition, and by the threat of that punishment uttered so vehemently by the lips of the Lord Himself? Now those who would refer both the fire and the worm to the spirit, and not to the body, affirm that the wicked, who are separated from the kingdom of God, will be burned, as it were, by the anguish of a spirit repenting too late and fruitlessly; and they contend that fire is therefore not inappropriately used to express this burning torment, as when the apostle exclaims “Who is offended, and I do not burn?” 2 Corinthians 11:29 The worm, too, they think, is to be similarly understood. For it is written, they say, “As the moth consumes the garment, and the worm the wood, so does grief consume the heart of a man.” Isaiah 51:8 But those who have no doubt that in that future punishment both body and soul will suffer, affirm that the body will be burned with fire, while the soul will be, as it were, gnawed by a worm of anguish. Though this view is more reasonable — for it is absurd to suppose that either body or soul will escape pain in the future punishment — still, for my own part, I find it easier to understand both as referring to the body than to suppose that neither does; and I think that Scripture is silent regarding the spiritual pain of the damned, because, though not expressed, it is necessarily understood that in a body thus tormented the soul also is tortured with a fruitless repentance. For we read in the ancient Scriptures, “The vengeance of the flesh of the ungodly is fire and worms.”⁠a It might have been more briefly said, “The vengeance of the ungodly.” Why, then, was it said, “The flesh of the ungodly,” except because both the fire and the worm are to be the punishment of the flesh? Or if the object of the writer in saying, “The vengeance of the flesh,” was to indicate that this will be the punishment of those who live according to the flesh (for this leads to the second death, as the apostle intimated when he said, “For if you live according to the flesh, you shall die” Romans 8:13, let each one make his own choice, either assigning the fire to the body and the worm to the soul — the one figuratively, the other literally — or assigning both literally to the body. For I have already sufficiently shown that animals can live in the fire, in burning without being consumed, in pain without dying, by a miracle of the most omnipotent Creator, to whom no one can deny that this is possible, if he is not ignorant of the one by whom all that is wonderful in all nature has been made. For it is God Himself who has worked all these miracles, great and small, in this world which I have mentioned, and incomparably more which I have omitted, and who has enclosed these marvels in this world, itself the greatest miracle of all. Let each man, then, choose which he wishes, whether he thinks that the worm is real and belongs to the body, or that spiritual things are meant by bodily representations, and that it belongs to the soul. But which of these is true will be more readily discovered by the facts themselves, when there will be in the saints such knowledge as will not require that their own experience teach them the nature of these punishments, but will, by its own fullness and perfection, be enough to instruct them in this matter. For “now we know in part, until that which is perfect has come;” 1 Corinthians 13:9-10 only, this we believe about those future bodies, that they will be such as will certainly be pained by the fire.