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4Q417

4QInstruction

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Fragment 2 i

1 at every time, lest he have his fill of you. And according to his spirit speak with him, lest … […] 2 without reproving the upright, pass over it for him, and the … […] 3 And also his spirit you shall not swallow up, for in silence you have spoken […] 4 and his reproof recount quickly, and do not overlook your own transgressions. [For …] 5 he may be righteous like you, for he is a prince among [princes, and with … forgiveness] 6 he will act. For how unique he is in every deed, without … […] 7 And do not count a man of iniquity as a helper, and also let there be no one who hates you [among your friends, so that he does not harm you …] 8 the wickedness of his works, with his visitation. And know how you should walk with him […] 9 let it not depart from your heart, and do not let [your soul] be wide for yourself alone [in your poverty …] 10 For what is smaller than a poor man? And do not rejoice in your mourning, lest you labor in your life. [Look at the mystery] 11 that is to be, and grasp the births of salvation, and know who inherits glory and toil. Is there not [joy for the broken in spirit,] 12 and for their mourners eternal gladness? Be an advocate for your own interest, and let there be no … […] 13 for all your perversities. Speak your judgments like a righteous ruler. Do not take […] … 14 and do not overlook your own [transgressions.] Be like a humble man when you dispute his judgment […] 15 take. And then God will see, and his anger will turn back, and he will pass over your sins. [For] before [his anger …] 16 no one can stand, and who is righteous in his judgment? And without forgiveness, how [can any] 17 poor man [stand before him]? And you, if you lack food, your need and your surplus [… bring … together. If] 18 you have a surplus, carry it to the harbor of his desire, and take your inheritance from it, and do not add any more. 19 And if you lack, do not … your need without money, for his storehouse does not lack […] … […] 20 at his word everything comes to be. And what he feeds you, eat, and do not add any more, lest [… you shorten] 21 your life. If you borrow money from men for your need, let there be no [rest for you] 22 day or night, and no repose for your soul, [until] you have repaid [your creditor his loan.] Do not lie 23 to him. Why should you bear guilt? And also from reproach to [your creditor … and you will no] longer [be trusted] by his neighbor. 24 And in your need he will close his hand. Your strength [… and like him borrow, and know the one who gathers …] 25 And if an affliction meets you, and he presses [… do not hide it from the one who strikes you,] 26 lest he uncover your reproach … [… a ruler over him, and then] 27 he will not strike him with a rod⁠ [… and no] 28 more. And also you, [son who understands …]

Texts in conversation

Compare 4Q417 2 i 27 and 2 Corinthians 11:24

Dead Sea Scrolls, Wisdom and Instruction · New Testament

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Summary

The Dead Sea Scrolls and 2 Corinthians mention the limit of thirty-nine lashes, showing Paul following a Jewish rule about punishment. In the scroll, this describes fairness and paying back debts. Paul uses it to describe the consequence of his message.

Passages

4Q417 2 i 27

Dead Sea Scrolls, Wisdom and Instruction · 4QInstruction
21 your life. If you borrow money from men for your need, let there be no [rest for you] 22 day or night, and no repose for your soul, [until] you have repaid [your creditor his loan.] Do not lie 23 to him. Why should you bear guilt? And also from reproach to [your creditor … and you will no] longer [be trusted] by his neighbor. 24 And in your need he will close his hand. Your strength [… and like him borrow, and know the one who gathers …] 25 And if an affliction meets you, and he presses [… do not hide it from the one who strikes you,] 26 lest he uncover your reproach … [… a ruler over him, and then] 27 he will not strike him with a rod [… and no] 28 more. And also you, [son who understands …]
200–150 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 4Q417

2 Corinthians 11:24

New Testament
22 Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So am I. Are they descendants of Abraham? So am I. 23 Are they servants of Christ? (I am talking like I am out of my mind!) I am even more so: with much greater labors, with far more imprisonments, with more severe beatings, facing death many times. 24 Five times I received from the Jews forty lashes less one. 25 Three times I was beaten with a rod. Once I received a stoning. Three times I suffered shipwreck. A night and a day I spent adrift in the open sea. 26 I have been on journeys many times, in dangers from rivers, in dangers from robbers, in dangers from my own countrymen, in dangers from Gentiles, in dangers in the city, in dangers in the wilderness, in dangers at sea, in dangers from false brothers,
55–57 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Corinthians

References

"... The rest of the column (or what can be read of it) concerns financial matters. The first instructions concern scarcity and surplus (i 17–18), willingness to borrow (i 19), and confidence that God will supply what is necessary: “according to His command everything shall come into being; and that which He gives you for food eat it” (i 20). Then after a clear instruction to pay back loans quickly (“do not let there be sleep for you day or night, nor rest for your soul”) and to be honest with one’s creditor (i 21–22), there are fragmentary and thus obscure teachings about financial dealings and the punishments that one may have to endure in them. The punishment here may be quite specific — flogging. If so, there may be a reference to thirty-nine strokes as in 2 Corinthians 11:24: “and then he will not smite him with a rod [… thirty ...] nine and no more” (i 27–28) ..."
Daniel J. Harrington, Wisdom Texts from Qumran, Literature of the Dead Sea Scrolls (London: Routledge, 1996), 52.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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4Q417 2 i 27 and 2 Corinthians 11:24

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