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4Q213

Aramaic Levi a

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Fragment 1 i

1 […] 2 [And in the one hundred and eighteenth year of my life, the year when] there died 3 [Joseph my brother, I called my sons and their sons, and I began to instruct] them 4 [in all that was in my heart. I spoke up and said] to my sons, 5 [“Listen to the word of Levi your father, and pay attention to the instructions of the friend of God.] To you I 6 [give instruction, my sons, and I show you the truth, my beloved. Let the chief] of all your deeds 7 [be truth, and let it remain with] you [forever.] Righteousness and truth 8 [… you will bring in a blessed harvest.] Whoever sows good brings in good,⁠ 9 [and whoever sows evil, his seed returns upon] him. And now, reading and instruction and wisdom 10 [teach to your sons, and wisdom will be with you] as eternal honor. Whoever learns wisdom, honor⁠ 11 [is his; but whoever despises wisdom] is given over to contempt and scorn. Look, my sons, 12 [at Joseph my brother, who taught reading and the instruction of] wisdom, for honor and for greatness and for kings 13 […] do not be slack in learning wisdom. 14 […] … a man who learns wisdom, all 15 [… to] him; every land and province to which he goes, 16 [a brother …] … in it, and he is not like a stranger in it,⁠ and not 17 [like a scoundrel in it … for all of them] give him honor in it, since all wish 18 [to learn his wisdom. His friends] are many, and those who wish him well are great ones. 19 [And on a seat of honor they seat him,] to hear the words of his wisdom. 20 [Great wealth of honor is his wisdom for] those who know it, and a fine treasure⁠ 21 [for all who acquire it. If] mighty [kings come,] and a [great] people [and an army and horsemen]

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 3:35 and 4Q213 1:10

Hebrew Bible · Dead Sea Scrolls, Biblical Retellings

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Summary

Proverbs promises honor to the wise and contempt to fools. In 4Q213 from the Dead Sea Scrolls, Levi uses this contrast to urge his sons to learn wisdom, treating honor as a reason to pursue their education.

Passages

Proverbs 3:35

Hebrew Bible
33 The Lord’s curse is on the household of the wicked, but he blesses the home of the righteous. 34 With arrogant scoffers he is scornful, yet he shows favor to the humble. 35 The wise inherit honor, but he holds fools up to public contempt.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

4Q213 1:10

Dead Sea Scrolls, Biblical Retellings · Aramaic Levi a
9 [and whoever sows evil, his seed returns upon] him. And now, reading and instruction and wisdom 10 [teach to your sons, and wisdom will be with you] as eternal honor. Whoever learns wisdom, honor 11 [is his; but whoever despises wisdom] is given over to contempt and scorn. Look, my sons, 12 [at Joseph my brother, who taught reading and the instruction of] wisdom, for honor and for greatness and for kings 13 […] do not be slack in learning wisdom.
160–60 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 4Q213

References

“... Wisdom brings honour, many friends and social position to those who have it. This idea is already found in biblical wisdom litera- ture, e.g., Proverbs 3:35, “the wise shall obtain honor, but dullards get disgrace as their portion” and cf. ben Sira 10:30, 11:1 and 39:4: compare also Proverbs 8:11, Wisdom 8:10, etc. Very striking is the parallel in ben Sira 39:4, referring to the wise man: He serves among the great and appears before rulers; he travels in foreign lands and learns what is good and evil in the human lot. ...”
Jonas C. Greenfield, Michael E. Stone, and Esther Eshel, eds., The Aramaic Levi Document: Edition, Translation, Commentary, SVTP 19 (Leiden: Brill, 2004), 209.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 3:35 and 4Q213 1:10

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