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4 Maccabees

About this book

Brotherly Affection and Courage

Chapter 14

1 More than that, they even urged one another on to the torture, so that they not only despised pain, but also mastered the emotions of brotherly love. 2 Reasoning, more royal than kings and freer than the free! 3 What a holy and harmonious symphony of the seven brothers for the sake of piety!⁠ 4 None of the seven young men turned coward or shrank back from death. 5 Instead, all of them, as though running on the road to immortality, hurried toward death by torture. 6 Just as the hands and feet move in harmony with the soul’s direction, so those holy boys, as though moved by the immortal soul of piety, agreed together to die for its sake. 7 Most holy seven, brothers in harmony! For just as the seven days of creation encircle piety, 8 so the boys, dancing in a circle around the number seven, broke the fear of torture. 9 We shudder now as we hear about the suffering of those young men, but they not only saw it, and not only heard the threat spoken in the moment, but suffered it and endured, and that through the pains of fire. 10 What could be more painful? For the power of fire is sharp and swift, and it quickly destroyed their bodies.

The Mother Remains Faithful to the Torah

11 Don’t consider it amazing that reasoning mastered those men in their torments, since even a woman’s mind despised even more varied pains. 12 For the mother of the seven young men endured the tortures of each one of her children. 13 Consider how complex a mother’s love for her children is, which draws everything toward the feelings of her inmost heart. 14 Even irrational animals have a sympathy and love for their offspring like that of human beings. 15 Among birds, the tame ones that nest on the roofs of houses protect their young, 16 and others that build nests and hatch their young on mountain peaks, on steep cliffs, and in the holes and tops of trees keep away anyone who approaches. 17 If they cannot keep them away, they fly in circles around their young in the anguish of love, calling out in their own voice, and help their young in whatever way they can. 18 But why should we use irrational animals to show sympathy for children, 19 when even bees, at the time of making their honeycomb, defend themselves against intruders, strike those who approach their hive with their stings as if with iron, and fight them off to the death? 20 But sympathy for her children did not move the mother of the young men, whose soul was like Abraham’s.

Texts in conversation

Compare 4 Maccabees 14:6 and Plutarch, Moralia 479

Pseudepigrapha, Wisdom and Poetry · Classical

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Summary

In 4 Maccabees, the seven brothers who die together are praised for their unity, moving like a body under one mind. The Greek philosopher Plutarch describes that same total harmony the thing that keeps a family and household together.

Passages

4 Maccabees 14:6

Pseudepigrapha, Wisdom and Poetry
3 What a holy and harmonious symphony of the seven brothers for the sake of piety! 4 None of the seven young men turned coward or shrank back from death. 5 Instead, all of them, as though running on the road to immortality, hurried toward death by torture. 6 Just as the hands and feet move in harmony with the soul’s direction, so those holy boys, as though moved by the immortal soul of piety, agreed together to die for its sake. 7 Most holy seven, brothers in harmony! For just as the seven days of creation encircle piety, 8 so the boys, dancing in a circle around the number seven, broke the fear of torture.
19–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 4 Maccabees

Plutarch, Moralia 479

Classical
In that kingly rule which makes men Like to gods - but if overreaching and factious strife be engendered in them, they corrupt and destroy the animal most shamefully; so through the concord of brothers both family and household are sound and flourish, and friends and intimates, like an harmonious choir, neither do say, nor think, anything discordant;
75–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Plutarch, Moralia

References

“... Harmony: Sharing ideals and sharing possessions. Essential words in the discussion of kinship ties were harmony, concord and unity (in expressions like “being of one soul,” “one mind” and the like). Again focusing on the relationship of siblings, Plutarch writes that “through the concord of brothers both family and household are sound and flourish, and friends and intimates, like a harmonious choir, neither do nor say, nor think, anything discordant” (“On Fraternal Affection” 2 [Mor. 479A]). Such an ideal is just as widely cherished in Jewish culture, from the famous opening of Psalm 133, which declares “How good, how pleasant it is for brothers and sisters to live in unity” (Ps 133:1, my translation) to the celebration in 4 Maccabees of the unanimous decision of seven brothers to accept martyrdom for the sake of keeping Torah: “O sacred and harmonious concord of the seven brothers on behalf of religion! . . . Just as the hands and feet are moved in harmony with the guidance of the mind, so those holy youths . . . agreed to go to death for [piety’s] sake. O most holy seven, brothers in harmony!” (4 Macc 14:3, 6-7) ...”
David A. deSilva, Honor, Patronage, Kinship & Purity: Unlocking New Testament Culture (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2000), 169.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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4 Maccabees 14:6 and Plutarch, Moralia 479

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