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3 Enoch

Hebrew Book of Enoch

About this book
Chapter 46

1 R. Ishmael said: Metatron said to me: (Come and I will show you) the space of the stars that are standing in Raqia' night by night in fear of the Almighty (MAQOM) and (I will show you) where they go and where they stand. 2 I walked by his side, and he took me by his hand and pointed out all to me with his fingers. And they were standing on sparks of flames round the Merkaba of the Almighty (MAQOM). What did Metatron do? At that moment he clapped his hands and chased them off from their place. At once they flew off on flaming wings, rose and fled from the four sides of the Throne of the Merkaba,⁠ and (as they flew) he told me the names of every single one.⁠ As it is written (Ps. cxlvii. 4): "He tells the number of the stars; he gives them all their names",⁠ teaching, that the Holy One, blessed be He, has given a name to each one of them. 3 And they all enter in counted order under the guidance of (lit. through, by the hands of) RAHATIEL to Raqia' ha-shSHamayim to serve the world. And they go out in counted order to praise the Holy One, blessed be He, with songs and hymns,⁠ according as it is written (Ps. xix. 1): "The heavens declare the glory of God". 4 But in the time to come the Holy One, blessed be He, will create them anew, as it is written (Lam. iii. 23): "They are new every morning".⁠ And they open their mouth and utter a song. Which is the song that they utter? (Ps. viii. 3): "When I consider your heavens".

Texts in conversation

Compare Joseph and Aseneth 16:15 and 3 Enoch 46:2

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In Joseph and Aseneth, an angel releases bees from a heavenly honeycomb, which may be interpreted as souls, then sends them to the heavens. In 3 Enoch, Metatron claps and the stars fly off the throne on flaming wings, similarly returning to the heavens.

Passages

Joseph and Aseneth 16:15

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
14 Then all those bees encircled Asenath from feet to head, and other large bees like their queens rose from the cells, and they circled around her face and her lips, and made a comb on her mouth and on her lips like the comb that lay before the angel; and all those bees ate from the comb that was on Asenath's mouth. 15 And the angel said to the bees, "Go now to your place." Then all the bees rose and flew and departed to heaven; 16 but all those who wanted to injure Asenath fell to the ground and died. 17 And then the angel stretched his staff over the dead bees and said to them: "Rise and go to your place, you too." Then all the dead bees rose and went to the courtyard that adjoined Asenath's house and settled in the fruit-bearing trees.
100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joseph and Aseneth

3 Enoch 46:2

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch
2 I walked by his side, and he took me by his hand and pointed out all to me with his fingers. And they were standing on sparks of flames round the Merkaba of the Almighty (MAQOM). What did Metatron do? At that moment he clapped his hands and chased them off from their place. At once they flew off on flaming wings, rose and fled from the four sides of the Throne of the Merkaba, and (as they flew) he told me the names of every single one. As it is written (Ps. cxlvii. 4): "He tells the number of the stars; he gives them all their names", teaching, that the Holy One, blessed be He, has given a name to each one of them.
400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

References

“... Although the figure in Aseneth and Metatron in 3 Enoch share numerous similari- ties that may be explained by their common angelic nature, two scenes in 3 Enoch exhibit more than passing similiarity to scenes in Aseneth. In 3 Enoch 46, Metatron proposes to show the visionary Ishmael "the spirits of the stars—which stand like fiery sparks around the chariot of the Omnipresent One." whereupon he shows Ish- mael a scene quite similar to the scene in Aseneth 16, where the angel instructs the bees to il y to their places: ...”
Ross Shepard Kraemer, When Aseneth Met Joseph: A Late Antique Tale of the Biblical Patriarch and His Egyptian Wife, Reconsidered (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 125.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Joseph and Aseneth 16:15 and 3 Enoch 46:2

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