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3 Enoch

Hebrew Book of Enoch

About this book
Chapter 4

1 R. Ishmael said: I asked Metatron and said to him: "Why are you called by the name of your Creator, by seventy names? You are greater than all the princes, higher than all the angels, beloved more than all the servants, honoured above all the mighty ones in kingship, greatness and glory: why do they call you 'Youth' in the high heavens?" 2 He answered and said to me: "Because I am Enoch, the son of Jared. 3 For when the generation of the flood sinned and were confounded in their deeds, saying to God: 'Depart from us, for we desire not the knowledge of your ways' (Job xxi. 14), then the Holy One, blessed be He, removed me from their midst to be a witness against them in the high heavens to all the inhabitants of the world,⁠ that they may not say: 'The Merciful One is cruel'. 4 What sinned all those multitudes, their wives, their sons and their daughters, their horses, their mules and their cattle and their property, and all the birds of the world, all of which the Holy One, blessed be He, destroyed from the world together with them in the waters of the flood? 5 Hence the Holy One, blessed be He, lifted me up in their lifetime before their eyes to be a witness against them to the future world. And the Holy One, blessed be He, assigned me for a prince and a ruler among the ministering angels.⁠ 6 In that hour three of the ministering angels, 'UZZA, 'AZZA and 'AZZAEL came forth and brought charges against me in the high heavens,⁠ saying before the Holy One, blessed be He: "Said not the Ancient Ones (First Ones) rightly before You: 'Do not create man!'" The Holy One, blessed be He, answered and said to them: "I have made and I will bear, yes, I will carry and will deliver".⁠ (Is. xlvi. 4.) 7 As soon as they saw me, they said before Him: "Lord of the Universe! What is this one that he should ascend to the height of heights? Is not he one from among the sons of [the sons of] those who perished in the days of the Flood? What does he do in the Raqia'?" 8 Again, the Holy One, blessed be He, answered and said to them: "What are you, that you enter and speak in my presence? I delight in this one more than in all of you, and hence he shall be a prince and a ruler over you in the high heavens." 9 At once all stood up and went out to meet me, prostrated themselves before me and said: "Happy are you and happy is your father for your Creator favours you". 10 And because I am small and a youth among them in days, months and years, therefore they call me "Youth" (Na'ar).

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 46:4 and 3 Enoch 4:6

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In Isaiah, God promises to carry and sustain his people. In 3 Enoch, God repeats that promise to defend Enoch against the angels, interpreting his care for humanity as the answer to their objection to a human in heaven.

Passages

Isaiah 46:4

Hebrew Bible
2 Together they bend low and kneel down; they are unable to rescue the images; they themselves head off into captivity. 3 “Listen to me, O family of Jacob, all you who are left from the family of Israel, you who have been carried from birth, you who have been supported from the time you left the womb. 4 Even when you are old, I will take care of you, even when you have gray hair, I will carry you. I made you and I will support you; I will carry you and rescue you. 5 To whom can you compare and liken me? Tell me whom you think I resemble, so we can be compared!
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

3 Enoch 4:6

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch
5 Hence the Holy One, blessed be He, lifted me up in their lifetime before their eyes to be a witness against them to the future world. And the Holy One, blessed be He, assigned me for a prince and a ruler among the ministering angels. 6 In that hour three of the ministering angels, 'UZZA, 'AZZA and 'AZZAEL came forth and brought charges against me in the high heavens, saying before the Holy One, blessed be He: "Said not the Ancient Ones (First Ones) rightly before You: 'Do not create man!'" The Holy One, blessed be He, answered and said to them: "I have made and I will bear, yes, I will carry and will deliver". (Is. xlvi. 4.)
400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

References

“... The rabbinic versions of this motif appear to have two fundamental aims: [1] to elevate Israel above the angels and [2] to stress God’s mercy in preserving humankind. Likewise, 3 Enoch 4 (§§ 5-6) and 6 (§9) appeal to this motif to elevate Enoch above the angels. Moreover, in both units, the angelic accusations against Enoch prompt God to defend His choice and hence to explicate His relationship with humankind. In 3 Enoch 4 (§§ 5-6), God gives two answers, corresponding to angels’ two questions. First, He justifies His decision to abide by wicked humankind, stressing His merciful nature by quoting Isa 46:4 (4:7). Then, He chastises the angels for doubting his decision to elevate Enoch, thus occasioning their submission to him (4:8-10). Similarly, in 3 Enoch 6 (§9), the angels’ questions lead God to explain His rationale for removing both Enoch and the Shekinah from the earth (6:3). ...”
Annette Yoshiko Reed, “From Asael and Semihazah to Uzzah, Azzah, and Azael: 3 Enoch 5 (§§7–8) and Jewish Reception-History of 1 Enoch,” (2001): 126.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 46:4 and 3 Enoch 4:6

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