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3 Enoch

Hebrew Book of Enoch

About this book
Chapter 19

1 R. Ishmael said: Metatron, the Angel, the Prince of the Presence, said to me: Above these three angels, these great princes there is one Prince, distinguished, honoured, noble, glorified, adorned, fearful, valiant, strong, great, magnified, glorious, crowned, wonderful, exalted, blameless, beloved, lordly, high and lofty, ancient and mighty, like whom there is none among the princes. His name is RIKBIEL H', the great and revered Prince who is standing by the Merkaba. 2 And why is he called RIKBIEL? Because he is appointed over the wheels of the Merkaba, and they are given in his charge. 3 And how many are the wheels? Eight; two in each direction. And there are four winds compassing them round about. And these are their names: "the Storm-Wind", "the Tempest", "the Strong Wind", and "the Wind of Earthquake". 4 And under them four fiery rivers are continually running, one fiery river on each side. And round about them, between the rivers, four clouds are planted (placed), and these they are: "clouds of fire", "clouds of lamps", "clouds of coal", "clouds of brimstone" and they are standing over against [their] wheels. 5 And the feet of the Chayyoth are resting upon the wheels. And between one wheel and the other earthquake is roaring and thunder is thundering. 6 And when the time draws near for the recital of the Song, (then) the multitudes of wheels are moved, the multitude of clouds tremble, all the chieftains (shallishim) are made afraid, all the horsemen (parashim) do rage, all the mighty ones (gibborim) are excited, all the hosts (seba'im) are frightened, all the troops (gedudim) are in fear, all the appointed ones (memunnim) hasten away, all the princes (sarim) and armies (chayyelim) are dismayed, all the servants (mesharetim) do faint and all the angels (mal'akim) and divisions (degalim) labour in pain. 7 And one wheel makes a sound to be heard to the other and one Kerub to another, one Chayya to another, one Seraph to another (saying) (Ps. lxviii. 5) "Extol to him that rides in 'Araboth, by his name Jah and rejoice before him!"⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalms 68:4 and 3 Enoch 19:6

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In Psalm 68, the singers call on others to praise God as he rides through heaven. In 3 Enoch, these heavenly creatures now give that call to one another, expanding this vision of heavenly liturgy.

Passages

Psalms 68:4

Hebrew Bible
1 For the music director, by David, a psalm, a song. God springs into action. His enemies scatter; his adversaries run from him. 2 As smoke is driven away by the wind, so you drive them away. As wax melts before fire, so the wicked are destroyed before God. 3 But the godly are happy; they rejoice before God and are overcome with joy. 4 Sing to God! Sing praises to his name. Exalt the one who rides on the clouds. For the Lord is his name. Rejoice before him. 5 He is a father to the fatherless and an advocate for widows. God rules from his holy dwelling place.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

3 Enoch 19:6

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch
6 And when the time draws near for the recital of the Song, (then) the multitudes of wheels are moved, the multitude of clouds tremble, all the chieftains (shallishim) are made afraid, all the horsemen (parashim) do rage, all the mighty ones (gibborim) are excited, all the hosts (seba'im) are frightened, all the troops (gedudim) are in fear, all the appointed ones (memunnim) hasten away, all the princes (sarim) and armies (chayyelim) are dismayed, all the servants (mesharetim) do faint and all the angels (mal'akim) and divisions (degalim) labour in pain. 7 And one wheel makes a sound to be heard to the other and one Kerub to another, one Chayya to another, one Seraph to another (saying) (Ps. lxviii. 5) "Extol to him that rides in 'Araboth, by his name Jah and rejoice before him!"
400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

References

“... ilarly, in a particularly poetic example, Rekhavi'el, who is respon- sible for the praise of the wheels of the Merkavah: When the time comes to sing the hymn, the multitude of the wheels trembles, the multitude of the clouds shudders, all the captains tremble, all the horsemen are agitated, all the heroes shiver, all the hosts shake, all the legions are afraid, all the overseers flee terrified, all the princes and soldiers are panic struck, all the servants are despondent, all the angels and cohorts are whirled around:43 Wheel to wheel, Keruv to Keruv, l;ayyah to l;ayyah, Ophan to Ophan, Seraph to Seraph let their voices resound: Extol him who rides in the
Peter Schäfer, The Hidden and Manifest God: Some Major Themes in Early Jewish Mysticism, trans. Aubrey Pomerance (Albany, NY: State University of New York, 1992), 131.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Psalms 68:4 and 3 Enoch 19:6

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