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2 Samuel

About this book
Chapter 1

1 After the death of Saul, when David had returned from defeating the Amalekites, he stayed at Ziklag for two days. 2 On the third day a man arrived from the camp of Saul with his clothes torn and dirt on his head. When he approached David, the man threw himself to the ground. 3 David asked him, “Where are you coming from?” He replied, “I have escaped from the camp of Israel.” 4 David inquired, “How were things going? Tell me!” He replied, “The people fled from the battle and many of them fell dead. Even Saul and his son Jonathan are dead!” 5 David said to the young man who was telling him this, “How do you know that Saul and his son Jonathan are dead?” 6 The young man said, “I just happened to be on Mount Gilboa and came across Saul leaning on his spear for support. The chariots and leaders of the horsemen were in hot pursuit of him. 7 When he turned around and saw me, he called out to me. I answered, ‘Here I am!’ 8 He asked me, ‘Who are you?’ I told him, ‘I’m an Amalekite.’ 9 He said to me, ‘Stand over me and finish me off! I’m very dizzy, even though I’m still alive.’ 10 So I stood over him and put him to death, since I knew that he couldn’t live in such a condition. Then I took the crown which was on his head and the bracelet which was on his arm. I have brought them here to my lord.” 11 David then grabbed his own clothes and tore them, as did all the men who were with him. 12 They lamented and wept and fasted until evening because Saul, his son Jonathan, the Lord’s army, and the house of Israel had fallen by the sword. 13 David said to the young man who told this to him, “Where are you from?” He replied, “I am an Amalekite, the son of a resident foreigner.” 14 David replied to him, “How is it that you were not afraid to reach out your hand to destroy the Lord’s anointed?” 15 Then David called one of the soldiers and said, “Come here and strike him down!” So he struck him down, and he died. 16 David said to him, “Your blood be on your own head! Your own mouth has testified against you, saying ‘I have put the Lord’s anointed to death.’”⁠ 17 Then David chanted this lament over Saul and his son Jonathan. 18 (He gave instructions that the people of Judah should be taught “The Bow.” Indeed, it is written down in the Scroll of the Upright One.)⁠ 19 “The beauty of Israel lies slain on your high places! How the mighty have fallen! 20 Don’t report it in Gath, don’t spread the news in the streets of Ashkelon, or the daughters of the Philistines will rejoice, the daughters of the uncircumcised will celebrate! 21 O mountains of Gilboa, may there be no dew or rain on you, nor fields of grain offerings!⁠ For it was there that the shield of warriors was defiled; the shield of Saul lies neglected without oil. 22 From the blood of the slain, from the fat of warriors, the bow of Jonathan was not turned away. The sword of Saul never returned empty. 23 Saul and Jonathan were greatly loved during their lives, and not even in their deaths were they separated. They were swifter than eagles, stronger than lions. 24 O daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you in scarlet as well as jewelry, who put gold jewelry on your clothes. 25 How the warriors have fallen in the midst of battle! Jonathan lies slain on your high places! 26 I grieve over you, my brother Jonathan. You were very dear to me. Your love was more special to me than the love of women. 27 How the warriors have fallen! The weapons of war are destroyed!”

Texts in conversation

Compare 2 Samuel 1:21 and LXX 2 Samuel 1:21

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

In 2 Samuel, David curses the mountains of Gilboa with obscure Hebrew. The Greek Septuagint struggles with this, trying to clarify it by connecting “fields of offerings” with “fields of first fruits,” and repeating the beginning of the poem.

Passages

2 Samuel 1:21

Hebrew Bible
20 Don’t report it in Gath, don’t spread the news in the streets of Ashkelon, or the daughters of the Philistines will rejoice, the daughters of the uncircumcised will celebrate! 21 O mountains of Gilboa, may there be no dew or rain on you, nor fields of grain offerings! For it was there that the shield of warriors was defiled; the shield of Saul lies neglected without oil. 22 From the blood of the slain, from the fat of warriors, the bow of Jonathan was not turned away. The sword of Saul never returned empty.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Samuel

LXX 2 Samuel 1:21

Septuagint
20 Do not tell it in Gath, and do not tell it as glad news in the streets of Ashkelon, for fear that the daughters of the Philistines might rejoice, for fear that the daughters of the uncircumcised might triumph. 21 You mountains of Gilboa, let not dew nor rain descend upon you, nor fields of first fruits be upon you, for there the shield of the mighty ones has been severely assailed; the shield of Saul was not anointed with oil. 22 From the blood of those killed, and from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan did not return empty; and the sword of Saul did not turn back empty.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX 2 Samuel

References

"... upon you ... the deeps. The Masoretic text seems to mean, 'upon you, nor fields of offerings'. This reading has been taken by those who retain it 'to mean that David lays a curse on the hills of Gilboa that there be no field bearing fine fruits, worthy of being set aside for sacred imposts' (Gordis, 1940), who goes on to say, 'That this is far-fetched and unsatisfactory is obvious ...'). The Septuagint suggests a different reading ... This reading is intelligible in the context, and a case might be made for its originality but the first part of it which corresponds to the Masoretic text is evidently an intrusion from the opening line of the poem, which may have been introduced marginally to correct the reading but found its way into the text at this point. Surely, then it follows that we must reject the rest of the Septuagint reading as well, inasmuch as it makes little sense after ('and the fields of the mountains of death'). We are obliged, it seems, to make sense of this by reinterpretation or emendation ..."
P. Kyle McCarter, The Anchor Yale Bible: 2 Samuel (Doubleday, 1986), 69.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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2 Samuel 1:21 and LXX 2 Samuel 1:21

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