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1QpHab

Commentary on Habakkuk

About this book

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1 his affliction, with judgments of wickedness. And horrors of evil diseases 2 they inflicted on him, and acts of vengeance on the body of his flesh. And as for what 3 it says, “Because you plundered many nations, all the rest of the peoples 4 will plunder you,” its interpretation concerns the last priests of Jerusalem,⁠ 5 who gather wealth and gain from the plunder of the peoples. 6 But in the last days their wealth with their plunder will be given into the hand of 7 the army of the Kittim, for they are “the rest of the peoples.” 8 “Because of human blood and violence to the land, the city, and all who dwell in it.” 9 Its interpretation concerns the Wicked Priest, whom, for the wrong done to the Teacher of 10 Righteousness and the men of his counsel, God gave into the hand of his enemies, to humble him 11 with a plague to destruction, in bitterness of soul, because he had acted wickedly 12 against his chosen one. “Woe to him who gets evil gain for his house, to set 13 his nest on high, to be delivered from the grasp of harm! You have planned shame 14 for your house, cutting off many peoples, and sinning against your own soul. For 15 a stone will cry out from the wall, and a beam from the woodwork will answer it.” 16 [The interpretation of the matter] concerns the [priest] who … […] … 17 […]

Texts in conversation

Compare Habakkuk 2:8 and 1QpHab 9:4

Hebrew Bible · Dead Sea Scrolls, Biblical Interpretation

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Summary

In Habakkuk, the conquered people will plunder the empire that robbed them. In 1QpHab, a Dead Sea Scrolls commentary, the warning targets the priests of Jerusalem, while the Roman army takes the place of the conquered peoples.

Passages

Habakkuk 2:8

Hebrew Bible
6 “But all these nations will someday taunt him and ridicule him with proverbial sayings: ‘Woe to the one who accumulates what does not belong to him (how long will this go on?)—he who gets rich by extortion!’ 7 Your creditors will suddenly attack; those who terrify you will spring into action, and they will rob you. 8 Because you robbed many countries, all who are left among the nations will rob you. You have shed human blood and committed violent acts against lands, cities, and those who live in them. 9 “The one who builds his house by unjust gain is as good as dead. He does this so he can build his nest way up high and escape the clutches of disaster.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Habakkuk

1QpHab 9:4

Dead Sea Scrolls, Biblical Interpretation · Commentary on Habakkuk
3 it says, “Because you plundered many nations, all the rest of the peoples 4 will plunder you,” its interpretation concerns the last priests of Jerusalem, 5 who gather wealth and gain from the plunder of the peoples. 6 But in the last days their wealth with their plunder will be given into the hand of 7 the army of the Kittim, for they are “the rest of the peoples.”
175–100 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1QpHab

References

“... (5) The pesher on Hab 2:8a describes the Romans quite differently than does the pesher on Hab 1:10. Because you have plundered many nations, all the remnant of the peoples shall plunder you (Hab 2:8a). Interpreted, this concerns the last priests of Jerusalem, who shall amass money and wealth by plundering the peoples. But in the last days, their riches and booty shall be delivered into the hands of the army of the Kittim, for it is they who shall be the remnant of the peoples. (1QpHab IX 3–7) Here Habakkuk’s reference to the Babylonians (“you” in the original) is made to refer to corrupt priests of Jerusalem, while the “remnant of the peoples”—a term referring to the survivors of an invasion—becomes the Romans. While Habakkuk envisioned Babylon’s conquered victims rising up against it, the pesher sees the Romans dispossessing the priests. Note how the Romans, described as conquerors in the comment on Hab 1:10b, are here given the role of the surviving victims of invasion, an excellent example of atomistic interpretation. ...”
Robert J. Miller, Helping Jesus Fulfill Prophecy (Eugene, OR: Cascade, 2016), 77.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Habakkuk 2:8 and 1QpHab 9:4

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