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1 Thessalonians

About this book
Chapter 5

1 Now on the topic of times and seasons, brothers and sisters, you have no need for anything to be written to you. 2 For you know quite well that the day of the Lord will come in the same way as a thief in the night. 3 Now when they are saying, “There is peace and security,”⁠ then sudden destruction comes on them,⁠ like labor pains on a pregnant woman, and they will surely not escape.⁠ 4 But you, brothers and sisters, are not in the darkness for the day to overtake you like a thief would. 5 For you all are sons of the light and sons of the day. We are not of the night nor of the darkness.⁠ 6 So then we must not sleep as the rest, but must stay alert and sober. 7 For those who sleep, sleep at night, and those who get drunk are drunk at night. 8 But since we are of the day, we must stay sober by putting on the breastplate of faith and love and as a helmet our hope for salvation.⁠ 9 For God did not destine us for wrath but for gaining salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ. 10 He died for us so that whether we are alert or asleep, we will come to life together with him. 11 Therefore encourage one another and build up each other, just as you are in fact doing. 12 Now we ask you, brothers and sisters, to acknowledge those who labor among you and preside over you in the Lord and admonish you, 13 and to esteem them most highly in love because of their work. Be at peace among yourselves. 14 And we urge you, brothers and sisters, admonish the undisciplined, comfort the discouraged, help the weak, be patient toward all. 15 See that no one pays back evil for evil to anyone, but always pursue what is good for one another and for all.⁠ 16 Always rejoice,⁠ 17 constantly pray, 18 in everything give thanks. For this is God’s will for you in Christ Jesus. 19 Do not extinguish the Spirit. 20 Do not treat prophecies with contempt. 21 But examine all things; hold fast to what is good. 22 Stay away from every form of evil.⁠ 23 Now may the God of peace himself make you completely holy and may your spirit and soul and body be kept entirely blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. 24 He who calls you is trustworthy, and he will in fact do this. 25 Brothers and sisters, pray for us too. 26 Greet all the brothers and sisters with a holy kiss. 27 I call on you solemnly in the Lord to have this letter read to all the brothers and sisters. 28 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you.

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 35:8 and 1 Thessalonians 5:3

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Psalm 35 calls for sudden destruction to fall on enemies before they realize it is coming. 1 Thessalonians echoes this language, warning that sudden destruction will come on those who reject God at the day of the Lord.

Passages

Psalm 35:8

Hebrew Bible
7 I did not harm them, but they hid a net to catch me and dug a pit to trap me. 8 Let destruction take them by surprise. Let the net they hid catch them. Let them fall into destruction. 9 Then I will rejoice in the Lord and be happy because of his deliverance.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

1 Thessalonians 5:3

New Testament
2 For you know quite well that the day of the Lord will come in the same way as a thief in the night. 3 Now when they are saying, “There is peace and security,” then sudden destruction comes on them, like labor pains on a pregnant woman, and they will surely not escape. 4 But you, brothers and sisters, are not in the darkness for the day to overtake you like a thief would.
41–51 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Thessalonians

References

"... Addressing a Thessalonian church that has suffered at the hands of her countrymen (1 Thessalonians 2:14–16), Paul reminds the saints that ‘sudden destruction will come upon’ unbelievers at the dawning of the day of the Lord (1 Thessalonians 5:3). Paul’s description of the coming judgment echoes the imprecatory plea of Psalm 35:8—‘Let destruction come upon him when he does not know it!’—for the judgment the psalmist desired will finally come to fruition at the parousia when God destroys those who oppose him and oppress his people. Scholars typically have not noted an allusion to Psalm 35:8 in 1 Thessalonians 5:3, this is not entirely surprising given that (1) Paul is not following the more easily comparable Greek of the Septuagint Psalm 34:8, which differs from the Hebrew text, and (2) there are other allusions in this cluster of verses, most of which come through at a higher volume than the allusion to Psalm 35:8 ..."
Trevor Laurence, Cursing with God: The Imprecatory Psalms and the Ethics of Christian Prayer (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2022), 221–222.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Psalm 35:8 and 1 Thessalonians 5:3

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