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1 Peter

About this book
Chapter 4

1 So, since Christ suffered in the flesh, you also arm yourselves with the same attitude because the one who has suffered in the flesh has finished with sin, 2 in that he spends the rest of his time on earth concerned about the will of God and not human desires. 3 For the time that has passed was sufficient for you to do what the non-Christians desire. You lived then in debauchery, evil desires, drunkenness, carousing, drinking bouts, and wanton idolatries.⁠ 4 So they are astonished when you do not rush with them into the same flood of wickedness, and they vilify you. 5 They will face a reckoning before Jesus Christ who stands ready to judge the living and the dead. 6 Now it was for this very purpose that the gospel was preached to those who are now dead, so that though they were judged in the flesh by human standards they may live spiritually by God’s standards.⁠ 7 For the culmination of all things is near. So be self-controlled and sober-minded for the sake of prayer. 8 Above all keep your love for one another fervent because love covers a multitude of sins.⁠ 9 Show hospitality to one another without complaining. 10 Just as each one has received a gift, use it to serve one another as good stewards of the varied grace of God. 11 Whoever speaks, let it be with God’s words. Whoever serves, do so with the strength that God supplies, so that in everything God will be glorified through Jesus Christ. To him belong the glory and the power forever and ever. Amen. 12 Dear friends, do not be astonished that a trial by fire is occurring among you, as though something strange were happening to you. 13 But rejoice in the degree that you have shared in the sufferings of Christ, so that when his glory is revealed you may also rejoice and be glad. 14 If you are insulted for the name of Christ, you are blessed, because the Spirit of glory, who is the Spirit of God, rests on you.⁠ 15 But let none of you suffer as a murderer or thief or criminal or as a troublemaker. 16 But if you suffer as a Christian, do not be ashamed, but glorify God that you bear such a name. 17 For it is time for judgment to begin, starting with the house of God. And if it starts with us, what will be the fate of those who are disobedient to the gospel of God? 18 And if the righteous are barely saved, what will become of the ungodly and sinners?⁠ 19 So then let those who suffer according to the will of God entrust their souls to a faithful Creator as they do good.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 69:27 and 1 Peter 4:5

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · New Testament

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Summary

1 Enoch 69 describes the Son of Man seated on a throne with divine authority to judge the righteous and the unrighteous. 1 Peter echoes this tradition, describing Jesus as the one who has that same authority to judge everyone.

Passages

1 Enoch 69:27

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
25 And this oath prevails over them, keeping their paths secure and ensuring their actions are not destroyed. 26 There was great joy among them, and they blessed, glorified, and exalted the name of the Son of Man that had been revealed to them. 27 He sat on the throne of his glory, the whole of judgment was given to the Son of Man, and he caused the sinners to vanish from the face of the earth, along with those who had misled the world. 28 They will be bound in chains, confined to their place of destruction, and all their works will disappear from the face of the earth. 29 From now on nothing corruptible will exist; the Son of Man has appeared, has taken his seat on the throne of his glory, and all evil will vanish before his face. His word will go out and be strong before the Lord of Spirits. This is the Third Parable of Enoch.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

1 Peter 4:5

New Testament
1 So, since Christ suffered in the flesh, you also arm yourselves with the same attitude because the one who has suffered in the flesh has finished with sin, 2 in that he spends the rest of his time on earth concerned about the will of God and not human desires. 3 For the time that has passed was sufficient for you to do what the non-Christians desire. You lived then in debauchery, evil desires, drunkenness, carousing, drinking bouts, and wanton idolatries. 4 So they are astonished when you do not rush with them into the same flood of wickedness, and they vilify you. 5 They will face a reckoning before Jesus Christ who stands ready to judge the living and the dead. 6 Now it was for this very purpose that the gospel was preached to those who are now dead, so that though they were judged in the flesh by human standards they may live spiritually by God’s standards.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Peter

References

"... The sickle as a symbol for death and destruction might hint at an identification of Christ with the Destroyer as in the Exodus tradition. Fifth, the description of the one like a son of man as 'sitting' can be explained by the assumption of the use of the Joel tradition, because Joel 4 also includes a scenario of judgement. Notably in Joel 4:12 God is judging in the valley of Jehoshaphat while he is 'sitting'. Possibly the description of the one like a son of man as 'sitting' could additionally express a certain increase of power and therefore represent his enthronement. The sickle can probably be interpreted as a sign representing a certain juridical function of the one like a son of man which becomes rather obvious by the following description of the scenario of the harvest in Apc 14:15-20: The depiction continues to be very reminiscent of Joel 4. Indeed, it is also possible that the author of the Apocalypse picked up a similar tradition as in 1 Enoch 69:27, where the enthronement of the Son of Man and his function as judge are combined. In case of Apc 14 this presupposes the bearing of a sickle as a juridical attribute of the one like a son of man (which is a feature absent in 1 Enoch) ..."
Matthias Reinhard Hoffmann, “Angelomorphic Christology and the Book of Revelation” (PhD diss., The University of Durham, 2003), 49–50.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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