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About this book

1 Peter

About this book
Chapter 1

1 From Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to those temporarily residing abroad⁠ (in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, the province of Asia, and Bithynia) who are chosen 2 according to the foreknowledge of God the Father by being set apart by the Spirit for obedience and for sprinkling with Jesus Christ’s blood. May grace and peace be yours in full measure! 3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ! By his great mercy he gave us new birth into a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, 4 that is, into an inheritance imperishable, undefiled, and unfading. It is reserved in heaven for you,⁠ 5 who by God’s power are protected through faith for a salvation ready to be revealed in the last time.⁠ 6 This brings you great joy, although you may have to suffer for a short time in various trials.⁠ 7 Such trials show the proven character of your faith, which is much more valuable than gold—gold⁠ that is tested by fire,⁠ even though it is passing away—and will bring praise and glory and honor when Jesus Christ is revealed.⁠ 8 You have not seen him, but you love him. You do not see him now but you believe in him, and so you rejoice with an indescribable and glorious joy, 9 because you are attaining the goal of your faith—the salvation of your souls. 10 Concerning this salvation, the prophets who predicted the grace that would come to you searched and investigated carefully. 11 They probed into what person or time the Spirit of Christ within them was indicating when he testified beforehand about the sufferings appointed for Christ and his subsequent glory. 12 They were shown that they were serving not themselves but you, in regard to the things now announced to you through those who proclaimed the gospel to you by the Holy Spirit sent from heaven—things angels long to catch a glimpse of. 13 Therefore, get your minds ready for action by being fully sober, and set your hope completely on the grace that will be brought to you when Jesus Christ is revealed. 14 Like obedient children, do not comply with the evil urges you used to follow in your ignorance, 15 but, like the Holy One who called you, become holy yourselves in all of your conduct, 16 for it is written, “You shall be holy, because I am holy.” 17 And if you address as Father the one who impartially judges according to each one’s work, live out the time of your temporary residence here in reverence.⁠ 18 You know that from your empty way of life inherited from your ancestors you were ransomed—not by perishable things like silver or gold,⁠ 19 but by precious blood like that of an unblemished and spotless lamb, namely Christ. 20 He was foreknown before the foundation of the world⁠ but was manifested in these last times for your sake.⁠ 21 Through him you now trust in God, who raised him from the dead and gave him glory, so that your faith and hope are in God. 22 You have purified your souls by obeying the truth in order to show sincere mutual love. So love one another earnestly from a pure heart. 23 You have been born anew, not from perishable but from imperishable seed,⁠ through the living and enduring word of God. 24 For all flesh is like grass and all its glory like the flower of the grass; the grass withers and the flower falls off,⁠ 25 but the word of the Lord endures forever. And this is the word that was proclaimed to you.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 108:3 and 1 Peter 1:23

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · New Testament

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Summary

In 1 Peter, believers are born again through a seed that cannot perish, echoing 1 Enoch 108 where the seed of the unrighteous lose their place and their names are erased. Both use family and honor to highlight what endures compared to what does not.

Passages

1 Enoch 108:3

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 Another book which Enoch wrote for his son Methuselah and for those who will come after him, and keep the law in the last days. 2 You who have done good will wait for those days until an end is made of those who do evil and the power of the wrongdoers comes to an end. 3 You, however, wait until sin passes away; for their names will be erased from the book of life and from the books of the holy ones, and their offspring will be destroyed forever, and their spirits will be slain, and they will cry and lament in a place that is a chaotic wilderness, and they will burn in the fire; for there is no earth there. 4 I saw there something like an invisible cloud; because of its depth I could not look over it, and I saw a flame of fire blazing brightly, and things like shining mountains circling and sweeping to and fro.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

1 Peter 1:23

New Testament
21 Through him you now trust in God, who raised him from the dead and gave him glory, so that your faith and hope are in God. 22 You have purified your souls by obeying the truth in order to show sincere mutual love. So love one another earnestly from a pure heart. 23 You have been born anew, not from perishable but from imperishable seed, through the living and enduring word of God. 24 For all flesh is like grass and all its glory like the flower of the grass; the grass withers and the flower falls off, 25 but the word of the Lord endures forever. And this is the word that was proclaimed to you.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Peter

References

"... In the Preaching View, [each] respectively refer to (a) Noah’s contemporary unbelievers, (b) a place where those people are kept for the final judgment, (c) going from heaven to Noah and (d) repentance. In the Triumph View, on the other hand, they are (a) fallen angels in Noah’s days, (b) a place where those angels are kept for the final judgment, (c) going to the place and (d) Christ’s victory. Some commentators argue that “pneuma” in the New Testament absolutely refers to angels, especially if there are no modifying elements. In addition, since the exegesis of 1 Peter cannot stand now without consulting 1 Enoch, the Triumph View seems to prevail. Witherington summarizes, “For our purposes here we note that it is ... part of 1 Enoch, which includes 1 Enoch 6–11; 64–69; 106–108 that is almost exclusively being drawn on in 1 Peter.” As to “fulakhv,” the Triumph View presents clear ideas. Quoting from 1 Enoch 17-18, France says that the place of the fallen angels is in “the furthest west, where heaven and earth join ..."
Hirokatsu Yoshihara, “A Study of 1 Peter 3:18b-20a and 4:6: A Response to the Notion of Christ’s Postmortem Evangelism to the Un-Evangelized, a View Recently Advocated in Japan,” Asian Journal of Pentecostal Studies 20.2 (2017): 183–197.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 108:3 and 1 Peter 1:23

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