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1 Corinthians

About this book
Chapter 11

1 Be imitators of me, just as I also am of Christ. 2 I praise you because you remember me in everything and maintain the traditions just as I passed them on to you. 3 But I want you to know that Christ is the head of every man, and the man is the head of a woman, and God is the head of Christ. 4 Any man who prays or prophesies with his head covered disgraces his head. 5 But any woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered disgraces her head, for it is one and the same thing as having a shaved head.⁠ 6 For if a woman will not cover her head, she should cut off her hair. But if it is disgraceful for a woman to have her hair cut off or her head shaved, she should cover her head. 7 For a man should not have his head covered, since he is the image and glory of God. But the woman is the glory of the man. 8 For man did not come from woman, but woman from man. 9 Neither was man created for the sake of woman, but woman for man. 10 For this reason a woman should have a symbol of authority on her head, because of the angels.⁠ 11 In any case, in the Lord woman is not independent of man, nor is man independent of woman.⁠ 12 For just as woman came from man, so man comes through woman. But all things come from God. 13 Judge for yourselves: Is it proper for a woman to pray to God with her head uncovered? 14 Does not nature itself teach you that if a man has long hair, it is a disgrace for him, 15 but if a woman has long hair, it is her glory? For her hair is given to her for a covering. 16 If anyone intends to quarrel about this, we have no other practice, nor do the churches of God. 17 Now in giving the following instruction I do not praise you, because you come together not for the better but for the worse. 18 For in the first place, when you come together as a church I hear there are divisions among you, and in part I believe it. 19 For there must in fact be divisions among you, so that those of you who are approved may be evident. 20 Now when you come together at the same place, you are not really eating the Lord’s Supper. 21 For when it is time to eat, everyone proceeds with his own supper. One is hungry and another becomes drunk.⁠ 22 Do you not have houses so that you can eat and drink? Or are you trying to show contempt for the church of God by shaming those who have nothing? What should I say to you? Should I praise you? I will not praise you for this! 23 For I received from the Lord what I also passed on to you, that the Lord Jesus on the night in which he was betrayed took bread, 24 and after he had given thanks he broke it and said, “This is my body, which is for you. Do this in remembrance of me.” 25 In the same way, he also took the cup after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, every time you drink it, in remembrance of me.” 26 For every time you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death until he comes. 27 For this reason, whoever eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord.⁠ 28 A person should examine himself first, and in this way let him eat the bread and drink of the cup. 29 For the one who eats and drinks without careful regard for the body eats and drinks judgment against himself.⁠ 30 That is why many of you are weak and sick, and quite a few are dead. 31 But if we examined ourselves, we would not be judged. 32 But when we are judged by the Lord, we are disciplined so that we may not be condemned with the world. 33 So then, my brothers and sisters, when you come together to eat, wait for one another. 34 If anyone is hungry, let him eat at home, so that when you assemble it does not lead to judgment. I will give directions about other matters when I come.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Corinthians 11:21 and Shepherd of Hermas 17:3

New Testament · Early Christian

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Summary

In 1 Corinthians, Paul rebukes believers who eat their fill while the poor go hungry. In the Shepherd of Hermas, an elderly woman similarly rebukes the rich who will not share their food with those in need.

Passages

1 Corinthians 11:21

New Testament
17 Now in giving the following instruction I do not praise you, because you come together not for the better but for the worse. 18 For in the first place, when you come together as a church I hear there are divisions among you, and in part I believe it. 19 For there must in fact be divisions among you, so that those of you who are approved may be evident. 20 Now when you come together at the same place, you are not really eating the Lord’s Supper. 21 For when it is time to eat, everyone proceeds with his own supper. One is hungry and another becomes drunk. 22 Do you not have houses so that you can eat and drink? Or are you trying to show contempt for the church of God by shaming those who have nothing? What should I say to you? Should I praise you? I will not praise you for this!
55–57 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Corinthians

Shepherd of Hermas 17:3

Early Christian
2 So now listen to me and be at peace among yourselves, and look after one another, and help each other, and do not enjoy the abundance of God’s creatures by yourselves, but share them with those in need too. 3 For some people through eating too much bring weakness on their bodies, and harm their flesh; while the bodies of those who have nothing to eat are harmed by not having enough food, and their bodies are ruined. 4 So this failure to share is harmful to you who have and do not share with those who are in need. 5 Look toward the judgment that is coming. You who have more than enough, search out those who are hungry while the tower is still unfinished; for after the tower is finished, you will want to do good, and will find no opportunity for it. 6 So take care, you who revel in your wealth, that those in need do not groan, and their groaning rise up to the Lord, and you with your abundance of good things be shut outside the door of the tower.
90–140 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Shepherd of Hermas

References

“... But the community conflict that Paul diagnoses in ch. 11 is particularly relevant to Vis. 3.9 [17]. [...] Instead of coming “to eat the feast of the Lord” (κυριακὸν δεῖπνον φαγεῖν, v. 21) together, Paul claims that individuals of means eat in the Corinthian house churches apart from the poor. Given the disparity in members’ wealth, such Christians feed themselves to excess while the poor remain famished (v. 21). [...] The Lady’s statements to Hermas about his community at Rome have multiple things in common with Paul’s statements to the Corinthians. In both Vis. 3.9 [17] and 1 Corinthians, we find, for example, (1) diagnosis of divisions in the Christian community; (2) attributing the divisions to both a lack of sharing between rich and poor and, more specifically, an overindulgence on the part of the rich; and (3) linking the misbehavior and the dissensions it causes to judgment. ...”
Jonathan E. Soyars, The Shepherd of Hermas and the Pauline Legacy, NovTSup 176 (Leiden: Brill, 2019), 214–215.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Corinthians 11:21 and Shepherd of Hermas 17:3

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