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In 1 Clement, the mythical phoenix is a sign, a bird that dies among spices while a new one grows from its rotting flesh. In the Physiologus, an early Christian handbook of animal lore, the phoenix burns itself on an altar and becomes an image of Jesus.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE

Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 25:2

First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians
Early Christian
1 Let us consider the marvelous sign which is seen in the regions of the east, that is, in the parts about Arabia. 2 There is a bird, which is named the phoenix. This, being the only one of its kind, lives for five hundred years; and when it has now reached the time of its dissolution that it should die, it makes for itself a coffin of frankincense and myrrh and the other spices, into which in the fullness of time it enters, and so it dies. 3 But, as the flesh rots, a certain worm is engendered, which is nurtured from the moisture of the dead creature and puts forth wings. Then, when it has grown strong, it takes up that coffin where are the bones of its parent, and carrying them journeys from the country of Arabia even to Egypt, to the place called the City of the Sun. 4 and in the daytime in the sight of all, flying to the altar of the Sun, it lays them upon it; and this done, it sets forth to return. 5 So the priests examine the registers of the times, and they find that it has come when the five hundredth year is completed.
Date: 90-100 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)

Physiologus 40:2

Early Christian
2 There is a bird in India called the Phoenix. And at the end of five hundred years he comes to the trees of Lebanon, and fills his wings with pleasant fragrances, and he announces his return to the priest of Heliopolis early in the month Nisan or Adar (that is Phamenoti or Pharmuti). And the priest, when he hears the news, comes and fills up the altar with vine wood. And the bird comes to Heliopolis laden with the fragrance of pleasant spices, and settles on the altar, and kindles a fire and burns himself. And on the following morning the priest searches through the ashes on the altar and finds a small worm in them. And on the second day, look, he grows feathers and becomes like a young bird. And on the third day they find him just as before, the Phoenix, and he greets the priest, and flies away and returns to his old dwelling-place. 3 If this bird has the power to kill himself and come to life again, how can reasonable men complain about our Lord Jesus Christ when He said: "I have power to lay down my life and to take it again." 4 For the Phoenix takes on the image of our Lord, when, coming down from heaven, he brought with him both wings full of pleasant fragrances, the excellent heavenly words, so that as we stretch out our hands in prayer we become filled with the pleasant scent of his mercy.
Date: 100-300 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References

#7712
“... The first known example of a Christian use of the Phoenix motif is found in 1 Clement. In an argument that serves to enhance the probability of the resurrection of the dead Clement refers to the Phoenix bird. [...] The Phoenix is another wondrous sign pointing towards the resurrection. At the time of its dissolution in death it makes a sepulchre of frankincense, myrrh and other spices, and when the time is fulfilled it enters into the sepulchre and dies. From the putrefied flesh, however, a worm springs forward that eventually develops into a new Phoenix bird which will carry the sepulchre of its predecessor from Arabia to Heliopolis (25:1–3). [...] Both Clement and Tertullian endorse Phoenix as a powerful symbol that enables them to render the idea of the resurrection probable. [...] Some other texts point in the same direction but they take the understanding even further by identifying Phoenix with Christ. In the Greek Physiologos—the dating of which remains uncertain—the Phoenix symbolises Christ. After a period of 500 years the Indian bird leaves for the trees of Lebanon in order to collect aromates for its future immolation. It informs a priest of Heliopolis about its forthcoming arrival in the new month of Nissan. The rebirth of the bird is said to last three days. Both statements mirror a move towards an identification with Christ which is explicitly made in the final morale of the story. Phoenix has adopted the countenance of the saviour ...”

* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.

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