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In Exodus, God gives his guiding angel authority through his name. In 3 Enoch, Metatron bears names taken from God's own, explaining how an angel can receive a divine title while still serving the God who names him.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Exodus 23:21
Hebrew Bible
18 “You must not offer the blood of my sacrifice with bread containing yeast; the fat of my festal sacrifice must not remain until morning. 19 The first of the firstfruits of your soil you must bring to the house of the Lord your God. “You must not cook a young goat in its mother’s milk. 20 “I am going to send a messenger before you to protect you as you journey and to bring you into the place that I have prepared. 21 Take heed because of him, and obey his voice; do not rebel against him, for he will not pardon your transgressions, for my Name is in him.
3 Enoch 48D:1
Hebrew Book of Enoch
Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
And these they are: YeHOEL, YaH, YeHOEL, YOPHIEL and Yophphiel, and APHPHIEL and MaRGeZIEL, GIPpUYEL, Pa'aZIEL, 'A'aH, PeRIEL, TaTRIEL, TaBKIEL, 'W, YHWH, DH, WHYH, 'eBeD, DiBbURIEL, 'aPh'aPIEL, SPPIEL, PaSPaSIEL, SeNeGRON, MeTaTRON, SOGDIN, 'ADRIGON, 'ASUM, SaQPaM, SaQTaM, MIGON, MITTON, MOTTRON, ROSPHIM, QINOTh, ChaTaTYaH, DeGaZYaH, PSPYaH, 'BSKNYH, MZRG.., BaRaD.., MKRKK, MSPRD, ChShG, ChShB, MNRTTT, BSYRYM, MITMON, TITMON, PiSQON, SaPhSaPhYaH, ZRCh, ZRChYaH, 'B', BeYaH, HBH BeYaH, PeLeT, PLTYaH, RaBRaBYaH, ChaS, ChaSYaH, TaPhTaPhYaH, TaMTaMYaH, SeHaSYaH, 'IR'URYaH, 'aL'aLYaH, BaZRIDYaH, SaTSaTKYaH, SaSDYaH, RaZRaZYAH, BaZRaZYaH, 'aRIMYaH, SBHYaH, SBIBKHYH, SiMKaM, YaHSeYaH, SSBIBYaH, SaBKaSBeYaH, QeLILQaLYaH, KIHHH, HHYH, WH, WHYH, ZaKkIKYaH, TUTRISYaH, SURYaH, ZeH, PeNIRHYaH, Z'ZI'H, GaL RaZaYYa, MaMLIKYaH, 'TTYaH, 'eMeQ, QaMYaH, MeKaPpeRYaH, PeRISHYaH, SePhaM, GBIR, GiBbORYaH, GOR, GORYaH, ZIW, 'OKBaR, the LESSER YHWH, after the name of his Master, (Ex. xxiii. 21) "for my name is in him", RaBIBIEL, TUMIEL, Segansakkiel, the Prince of Wisdom.
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Notes and References
“... stood as a combination of several names, that is, seventy names.46 Thus, for
example, in 3 Enoch 48D:1, where Metatron’s name, “Lesser YHWH,” is men-
tioned, again with allusion to Exod 23:21, “Lesser YHWH” is placed among the
seventy names of Metatron.47 Jarl Fossum suggests that the references to the
seventy names of Metatron might indirectly point to the function of the exalted
angel as the bearer of the “ultimate” Name of God, since these seventy names
might represent various aspects of God’s primary Name. Elucidating such con-
nections, Fossum points to 3 Enoch 3:2, where Metatron tells R. Ishmael that
his seventy names “are based on the name of the King of kings of kings,” and
to 3 Enoch 48D:5, which informs us that “these seventy names are a reflection
of the Explicit Name upon the Merkavah which is engraved upon the throne of
Glory.”48 Fossum suggests that these seventy names originally belonged to God
himself and only later were transferred to Metatron.49 ...”
Andrei A. Orlov
Yahoel and Metatron: Aural Apocalypticism and the Origins of Early Jewish Mysticism
(p. 74) Mohr Siebeck, 2017
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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