Texts in Conversation
In Psalm 99, Moses and Samuel call on God and receive an answer. In 3 Enoch, Ishmael hears of them as God promises rescue through his own merit, allowing deliverance to continue without relying on human efforts.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Psalms 99:6
Hebrew Bible
4 The king is strong; he loves justice. You ensure that legal decisions will be made fairly; you promote justice and equity in Jacob. 5 Praise the Lord our God. Worship before his footstool. He is holy! 6 Moses and Aaron were among his priests; Samuel was one of those who prayed to him. They prayed to the Lord and he answered them. 7 He spoke to them from a pillar of cloud; they obeyed his regulations and the ordinance he gave them. 8 O Lord our God, you answered them. They found you to be a forgiving God, but also one who punished their sinful deeds.
3 Enoch 48A:7
Hebrew Book of Enoch
Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
And not only that, but He joined fellowship with Moses in every place, as it is written (Ps. xcix. 6): "Moses and Aaron among His priests." And again it is written (Jer. xv. 1): "Though Moses and Samuel stood before me" (Is. lxiii. 5): "My own arm brought salvation to me". Said the Holy One, blessed be He, in that hour: "How long shall I wait for the children of men to work salvation according to their righteousness for my arm? For my own sake and for the sake of my merit and righteousness will I deliver my arm and by it redeem my children from among the nations of the world. As it is written (Is. xlviii. 11): "For my own sake will I do it. For how should my name be profaned".
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Notes and References
“... While the paralleling of Moses and Samuel as intercessors already appears
in the biblical tradition (Ps 99:6; Jer 15:1; cf. 3 Enoch 48A:5-7), several further
resemblances exist between Samuel and Moses as prophetic and priestly figures
who also fulfilled a role of civic leadership.61 Both figures had the titles of
“prophet” (Deut 34:10; 1 Sam 3:20) and “man of God” (Deut 33:1; 1 Sam 9:6).
Dale Allison observes further similarities in the biblical narratives.62 ...”
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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