Texts in Conversation
In Jeremiah, God brings out the wind and makes lightning for the rain. In 3 Enoch, those acts identify a heavenly wind of lightning, giving the storm described by the prophet a named force behind it.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Jeremiah 51:16
Hebrew Bible
15 He is the one who by his power made the earth. He is the one who by his wisdom fixed the world in place; by his understanding, he spread out the heavens. 16 When his voice thunders, the waters in the heavens roar. He makes the clouds rise from the far-off horizons; he makes the lightning flash out in the midst of the rain. He unleashes the wind from the places where he stores it; 17 all idolaters will prove to be stupid and ignorant. Every goldsmith will be disgraced by the idol he made. For the image he forges is merely a sham; there is no breath in any of those idols.
3 Enoch 23:11
Hebrew Book of Enoch
Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
There blow the "Wind of Wisdom" and the "Wind of Understanding" and the "Wind of Knowledge" and the "Wind of the Fear of H'" as it is written (Is. xi. 2): "And the wind of H' shall rest upon him; the wind of wisdom and understanding, the wind of counsel and might, the wind of knowledge and of the fear of H'". There blows the "Wind of Rain", as it is written (Prov. xxv. 23): "the north wind brings forth rain". There blows the "Wind of Lightnings", as it is written (Jer. x. 13, li. 16): "he makes lightnings for the rain and brings forth the wind out of his treasuries".
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Notes and References
“... Interestingly, too, the lengthy passage that describes the winds (3 Enoch
23, §35)59 does not make use of the metrological imagery that I noted to be sig-
nificant in the Parables; rather, it brings together an array of biblical texts that
speak of the winds and combines their imagery. In fact, there is only one point
in 3 Enoch where scales/balance imagery is used, in 18:20 (§27):
Why is his name called Šoqedḥozi? Because he weighs men’s merits in
scales in the presence of the Holy One, blessed be he.60
So, while there appears to be more entanglement with the content of Parables
of Enoch and 2 Enoch than is seen in the biblical material or even in b.Ḥagigah, ...”
Macaskill, Grant
The Entangled Enoch: 2 Enoch and the Cultures of Late Antiquity
(p. 138) Brill, 2024
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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