Texts in Conversation
In Numbers, a wind from God brings quails to the hungry Israelites. In 3 Enoch, it is named as a distinct heavenly wind, giving the wind behind that single event a continuing existence in heaven.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Numbers 11:31
Hebrew Bible
30 Then Moses returned to the camp along with the elders of Israel. 31 Now a wind went out from the Lord and brought quail from the sea, and let them fall near the camp, about a day’s journey on this side, and about a day’s journey on the other side, all around the camp, and about three feet high on the surface of the ground. 32 And the people stayed up all that day, all that night, and all the next day, and gathered the quail. The one who gathered the least gathered ten homers, and they spread them out for themselves all around the camp.
3 Enoch 23:4
Hebrew Book of Enoch
Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
There blows "the Wind of Quails" as it is written (Num. xi. 31): "And there went forth a wind from the Lord and brought quails". There blows "the Wind of Jealousy" as it is written (Num. v. 14): "And the wind of jealousy came upon him". There blows the "Wind of Earthquake" as it is written (1 Kings xix. 11): "and after that the wind of the earthquake; but the Lord was not in the earthquake". There blows the "Wind of H'" as it is written (Ezek. xxxvii. 1): "and he carried me out by the wind of H' and set me down".
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Notes and References
“... Interestingly, too, the lengthy passage that describes the winds (3 Enoch
23, §35)59 does not make use of the metrological imagery that I noted to be sig-
nificant in the Parables; rather, it brings together an array of biblical texts that
speak of the winds and combines their imagery. In fact, there is only one point
in 3 Enoch where scales/balance imagery is used, in 18:20 (§27):
Why is his name called Šoqedḥozi? Because he weighs men’s merits in
scales in the presence of the Holy One, blessed be he.60
So, while there appears to be more entanglement with the content of Parables
of Enoch and 2 Enoch than is seen in the biblical material or even in b.Ḥagigah, ...”
Macaskill, Grant
The Entangled Enoch: 2 Enoch and the Cultures of Late Antiquity
(p. 138) Brill, 2024
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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