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In 1 Enoch, Enoch sees God on a throne surrounded by fire and cherubim. The Ladder of Jacob uses similar throne imagery in Jacob's prayer, interpreting his dream of the ladder as a vision of God enthroned in heaven.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
1 Enoch 14:18
Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
18 I looked and saw a lofty throne inside it. Its appearance was like crystal, and its wheels were like the shining sun, and there was the vision of cherubim. 19 From underneath the throne came streams of flaming fire, so that I could not look at it. 20 The Great Glory sat on it, and His garment shone more brightly than the sun and was whiter than any snow. 21 None of the angels could enter and look on His face because of its magnificence and glory, and no mortal could look on Him. 22 A flaming fire was all around Him, and a great fire stood before Him; no one near Him could come close. Ten thousand times ten thousand stood before Him, yet He needed no counselor. 23 The most holy ones who were near Him did not leave by night nor depart from Him.
Ladder of Jacob 2:4
Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
3 And I set up the stone that was under my head for a pillar, and poured oil on the top of it, and I called that place the house of God. 4 And I prayed to God and said: Lord God of Adam, of your [creature?], and Lord God of Abraham and Isaac my father, and of all whose ways are right before you, you who sit mighty upon the Cherubim and upon the throne of the majesty, of fire and full of eyes, as I saw in my dream; who holds the Cherubim with four faces, who bears the Seraphim full of eyes, who bears the whole world under his arm, and is borne by none. 5 You have established the heaven for the glory of your name.
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Notes and References
“... Noteworthy in this passage is the reference to a glorious, brilliant chariot-throne that is seen by virtuous worshipers in a visionary context, as well as the depiction of the cherubim which both draws on and slightly alters the imagery of Ezekiel’s vision. In a similar manner, an early Enochic tradition depicted in the Book of the Watchers ascribes a typical vision of the chariot-throne to Enoch, the legendary seventh antediluvian patriarch. Characterized as an exalted scribe and priest, “the righteous man whose eyes were opened by God,” Enoch’s first-person testament reads: “and I saw in my vision … and I was looking, And I saw a lofty throne; Its appearance was like crystal and its wheels like the shining sun, and its [guardians] were cherubim” (14:14, 14:18-20). Literature from the Common Era likewise contains characteristic accounts about visions of God’s luminous chariot-throne, which Enoch and other righteous patriarchs and esteemed seers beheld. For instance, descriptions in the Similitudes of Enoch present Enoch’s vision of God’s chariot-throne guarded by seraphim, cherubim, and ophannim (e. g., 39:12, 40:2-10, 71:5-7). In 2 Enoch 22, Enoch’s vision of a “supremely great and not made by hands” chariot-throne is recounted, surrounded by the armies of the angelic hosts, cherubim, and seraphim (22:2). Similarly, the Ladder of Jacob ascribes to the pious patriarch Jacob a vision of the chariot-throne, the four-faced cherubim that carry it, and the six-winged seraphim who sing hymns and utter the trisagion (2:7-15). ...”
Arbel, Daphna V.
"“A Chariot of Light Borne by Four Bright Eagles”: Eve’s Vision of the Chariot in the Greek Life of Adam and Eve" in Arbel, Daphna V.; Orlov, Andrei A. (ed.) With Letters of Light: Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls, Early Jewish Apocalypticism, Magic, and Mysticism in Honor of Rachel Elior
(p. 274) De Gruyter, 2011
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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