“... This passage may reflect dependence on Romans, but it is difficult to be certain. As the Oxford Committee observes, the phrase ‘κατὰ σάρκα’ is ‘not a very obvious one’. It is part of an idiom in Clement (ὁ κύριος Ἰησοῦς τὸ κατὰ σάρκα) that corresponds almost exactly with Paul’s ὁ Χριστὸς τὸ κατὰ σάρκα, but appears to disrupt the sense of the former; 1 Clement would read more smoothly were the reference to Jesus not there, for it falls between references to the origin of priests and Levites, and of the kings, rulers, and leaders in the line of Judah. Thus, suggests Lindemann, albeit with suitable caution, it might be considered a gloss that was added to 1 Clement. This is an attractive suggestion and a plausible example of where knowledge of Paul’s letters may have influenced the text of 1 Clement after it was originally written. ...”