Texts in Conversation
In 2 Samuel 15, Absalom's campaign uses the gate's role as a place of justice also found in Danel's story, showing how promises of fair judgment could win political support.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
KTU 1.17 V:6
Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
Ancient Near East
[…] […] I will bring a bow […] […] arrows. And lo, on the seventh day, then Danel, the man of healing, then the hero, the devotee of Hrnm, rises and sits at the entrance of the gate, beneath the nobles who are on the threshing floor. He judges the case of the widow, he decides the cause of the orphan. When he lifts his eyes, he sees: at a thousand fields, ten thousand acres, the coming of Kothar; he looks, and he sees the striding of Hasis. He brings a bow; look, […] […] arrows. Then Danel, the man of healing, then the hero, the devotee of Hrnm, calls aloud to his wife: “Listen, lady Danatay, prepare a lamb from the flock for the appetite of Kothar- wa-Hasis, for the hunger of Hayyin, skilled of hand. Feed, give drink to
2 Samuel 15:2
Hebrew Bible
2 Now Absalom used to get up early and stand beside the road that led to the city gate. Whenever anyone came by who had a complaint to bring to the king for arbitration, Absalom would call out to him, “What city are you from?” The person would answer, “I, your servant, am from one of the tribes of Israel.” 3 Absalom would then say to him, “Look, your claims are legitimate and appropriate. But there is no representative of the king who will listen to you.” 4 Absalom would then say, “If only they would make me a judge in the land! Then everyone who had a judicial complaint could come to me and I would make sure he receives a just settlement.” 5 When someone approached to bow before him, Absalom would extend his hand and embrace him and kiss him.
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Notes and References
“... Gates also served a judicial function in the literature preserved from
Ugarit, a city-state on the Mediterranean coast that thrived in the Late
Bronze Age.39 According to the Ugaritic tale of Aqhat, the hero Danel
“arose and sat at the entrance to the (city-)gate, among the leaders (sit
ting) at the threshing floor, he judged the widow’s case, made decisions
regarding the orphan” (KTU 1.17 v 6–8). The text bears witness to the gate
as a space of judgment. [...] Here,
the narrative evidently assumes the judicial function of the city gate. The
plaintiff would arrive early in the morning, hoping to obtain justice from
the king, and would seek justice in the city gate, a location where judges
were known to be.90 But the king, although evoked by the narrator and by
Absalom, was conspicuously absent from the gate. [...] The narra
tive logic of v. 2, in which Absalom routinely stations himself at the gate
in order to encounter plaintiffs, depends on the assumption that city gates
were a well-known location of judicial activity. ...”
Russell, Stephen C.
The King and the Land: A Geography of Royal Power in the Biblical World
(p. 74, 81) Oxford University Press, 2017
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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