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In 2 Samuel 18, Absalom's monument shares the Ugaritic link between sons and remembrance after death, showing why having no son could threaten a person's lasting name.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
KTU 1.17 I:26
Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
Ancient Near East
“Because having no son like his brothers, nor scion like his kinsmen, enrobed, the gods he feeds, enrobed, he gives the holy ones to drink, you must surely bless him, Bull El my father, you must surely give a blessing to him, O Creator-of-creatures, so that he may beget a son in his house, a scion in the midst of his palace. He shall set up the stela of his ancestral god, in the sanctuary the cippus of his kinsman; into the earth sending forth his dying breath, into the dust protecting his progress; he shall shut the mouths of his slanderers, he shall drive away those who are ill-disposed towards him.
2 Samuel 18:18
Hebrew Bible
15 Then 10 soldiers who were Joab’s armor-bearers struck Absalom and finished him off. 16 Then Joab blew the trumpet and the army turned back from chasing Israel, for Joab had called for the army to halt. 17 They took Absalom, threw him into a large pit in the forest, and stacked a huge pile of stones over him. In the meantime all the Israelite soldiers fled to their homes. 18 Before this Absalom had set up a monument and dedicated it to himself in the King’s Valley, reasoning, “I have no son who will carry on my name.” He named the monument after himself, and to this day it is known as the Hand of Absalom*. 19 Then Ahimaaz the son of Zadok said, “Let me run and give the king the good news that the Lord has vindicated him before his enemies.”
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Notes and References
“... Israelite royalty participated in the common West Semitic custom of erecting
funerary steles. According to 2 Samuel 18:18, Absalom erected a funerary
stele in his own memory, “for he thought, ‘I have no son to invoke my
name,’” ba῾ăbûr hazkîr šemî (cf. Isa. 56:5; 66:3).641 A Persian-period
inscription from Kition records a similar funerary inscription: msbt lmbhy …
᾽᾿l mškb nhty l‘lm w/’šty, “a stele for among the living … on my eternal
resting place and for my wife” (KAI 35:1- 3). A Hellenistic-period Phoenician
inscription from the environs of Athens (KAI 53) likewise attests to the
practice of erecting a stele (mṣbt) as a “memorial,” skr, a term apparently
cognate with *zkr. A third-century Phoenician inscription from Lapethos
(KAI 43:6) records a commemoration for a father by a son (cf. KAI 34:1; CIS
44:1; 46:1-2; 57:1-2; 58:1; 59:1; 60:1; 61:1; RES 1208). This Phoenician
funerary practice is also mentioned by Philo of Byblos (PE 1.10.10): “He says
that when these men died, those who survived them dedicated staves to them.
They worshipped the steles and conducted annual festivals for them.”642 The
practice of erecting commemorative steles is also attested in the Ugaritic texts
(KTU 1.17 I 28; 6.13; 6.14).643 ...”
Smith, Mark S.
The Early History of God: Yahweh and the Other Deities in Ancient Israel
(p. PDF 164–165) William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2002
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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