Texts in Conversation
Philo explains the divine name Place by saying God contains the universe and is contained by nothing, harmonizing the traditions in the Hebrew Bible with Hellenistic philosophy. Rabbinic tradition in Genesis Rabbah uses language very similar to Philo.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Philo On Dreams 1.63
Classical
(1.61) We have now, then, explained what Charran is, and why he who left the well of the oath came thither. We must now consider the third point which comes next in order, namely, what the place is to which this man came; for it is said, "He met him in the Place."{10}{#ge 28:11.} (1.62) Now place is considered in three ways: firstly, as a situation filled by a body; secondly, as a divine word which God himself has filled wholly and entirely with incorporeal powers; for says the scripture, "I have seen the place in which the God of Israel Stood,"{11}{#ex 24:10.} in which alone he permitted his prophet to perform sacrifice to him, forbidding him to do so in other places. For he is ordered to go up into the place which the Lord God shall choose, and there to sacrifice burnt offerings and sacrifices for salvation, and to bring other victims also without spot. (1.63) According to the third signification, God himself is called a place, from the fact of his surrounding the universe, and being surrounded himself by nothing whatever, and from the fact of his being the refuge of all persons, and since he himself is his own district, containing himself and resembling himself alone.
Date: 20-50 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Genesis Rabbah 68:9
Aggadah
Rabbinic
“He encountered the place and spent the night there because the sun had set; he took from the stones of the place, which he placed beneath his head, and lay down in that place” (Genesis 28:11). “He encountered [vayifga] the place” – Rav Huna said in the name of Rabbi Ami: Why do they change the name of the Holy One blessed be He and call Him the Omnipresent [hamakom]? It is because He is the place [mekomo] of the world, and His world is not His place. From what is written: “Behold, there is a place [makom] with Me” (Exodus 33:21) – the Holy One blessed be He is the place of the world, and His world is not His place.
Date: 500 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References
“... But by the time of Philo the term “place” as an appellation of God, the origin of which has been variously explained, must have already been in common usage in Palestinian Judaism. As interpreted in later Jewish sources, it meant that “God is the place of the world, but His world is not His place,” that is to say, God is everywhere in the corporeal world, thereby exercising His individual providence, but He is no part of the corporeal world and is unlike anything in it. In Greek philosophy, the use of the term “place” as an appellation of God does not occur, but a suggestion for the use of it does occur, and that suggestion may have been made perhaps before the time of Philo. [...] In view of all this, Philo could not remain satisfied with the mere statement that God is “prior to place and Logos.” He wanted to reaffirm the Jewish application of the term place to God, but, in order to safeguard it against misunderstanding, he wanted also to explain what to his mind was its real meaning. And so we shall now try to show how Philo continues to argue that, while God cannot be described as the place of the created Logos in the sense of His being identical with it, there are other senses in which God can be described as the place of the created Logos as well as the place of all other created things. “The term place,” says Philo, “has a threefold meaning: firstly, that of a space filled by a body; secondly, that of the divine Logos.” ...”
Wolfson, Harry Austryn
Philo Foundations of Religious Philosophy in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
(pp. 247-248) Harvard University Press, 1962
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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