“... The Zion text of Isa. 28:16 is interpreted within the Qumran community in ecclesiological terms and associated directly with the community itself. The community of Qumran saw itself as the new eschatological community that God was to establish at the end of time. In like fashion to the New Testament community in 1 Pet. 2:4–8, the community of Qumran also understood itself as a spiritual house. In neither the ‘Rule of the Community’ (1QS) nor the ‘Thanksgiving Scroll’ (1QHa), two extremely important documents left to posterity by the Qumran community, is the stone referred to in the Zion text of Isa. 28:16 given a Messianic interpretation. The rendition of Isa. 28:16 found in the Isaiah Targum (Targum Jonathan), on the other hand, alludes explicitly to a strong, mighty and terrible king whom yhwh shall install on Mount Zion. This is in line with a tendency observable within the Isaiah Targum that associates the expectation of Israel's restoration with the Messiah. Such a Messianic interpretation of the stone referred to in Isa. 28:16 exhibits a degree of kinship with the way in which the Targum is similarly able to link the stone mentioned in Ps. 118:22 with the ascendance of King David. Targumic explanations such as these serve to reinforce the suspicion that the Messianic explanation of the Old Testament ‘stone texts’ already enjoyed a pre-Christian heritage. A number of passages from the Midrash likewise point in this direction. ...”