Texts in Conversation
In Romans, Paul describes those who suppress what they know about God as covetous, deceitful, and haters of God among other vices. 1 Clement includes a similar list with the same language and structure, likely based on Romans.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Romans 1:29
New Testament
28 And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God, God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do what should not be done. 29 They are filled with every kind of unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, malice. They are rife with envy, murder, strife, deceit, hostility. They are gossips, 30 slanderers, haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, contrivers of all sorts of evil, disobedient to parents, 31 senseless, covenant-breakers, heartless, ruthless. 32 Although they fully know God’s righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve to die, they not only do them but also approve of those who practice them.
Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 35:5
First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians
Early Christian
5 But how shall this be, dear friends? If our mind is fixed on God through faith; if we seek out what is pleasing and acceptable to Him; if we do what fits His faultless will and follow the way of truth, casting off from ourselves all unrighteousness and iniquity, greed, quarrels, malice and deceit, gossip and slander, hatred of God, pride and arrogance, conceit and inhospitality. 6 For those who do these things are hateful to God; and not only those who do them, but also those who approve of them.
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Notes and References
“... First Clement, however, is aware of Pauline letters. It certainly knows 1 Corinthians. In an often-cited passage, the leaders in Rome (the purported letter senders) urge the Corinthian addressees to "take up the epistle of the blessed Paul the apostle" (1 Clem. 47.1). Yet it is likely that 1 Clement is also aware of other Pauline letters, including especially Romans. The vice list (1 Clem. 35.5–6) is the best evidence that 1 Clement knew Romans (1:29–32). While 1 Clement lists fewer vices than Romans, the two inventories begin and end with formulae that harmonize in content and language. ...”
Livesey, Nina E.
The Letters of Paul in their Roman Literary Context: Reassessing Apostolic Authorship
(pp. 117-118) Cambridge University Press, 2024
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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