... It is worth noting that, despite Jerome’s sensitivity to the Hebrew of Jonah, the Vulgate alone unequivocally attributes “anger” to Jonah, rendering the second clause as iratus est. The Septuagint is closest to what I offer above: “Jonah was terribly saddened, and was confused/shaken up,” kai elupethe Ionas lupen megalen kai sunechuthe. The Septuagint approximates the Hebrew paronomasia in the first clause by choosing like-sounding words: lupeo, normally used to speak of distress, and lupe, normally equivalent to Hebrew ʿeseb, “pain” or “sorrow.” For the second clause, Symmachus and Nahal Hever Greek offer ethumesen, where the Septuagint has sunechuthe, suggesting that Jonah became disheartened ...