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In Jubilees, Abraham points to the giants and Sodom as two examples of God punishing sin. Jude makes the same pairing with the rebellious angels and Sodom, drawing on a warning that Jubilees and earlier Jewish texts had made common.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Jubilees 20:5
Pseudepigrapha
4 If any woman or girl among you commits a sexual offense, burn her in fire; they are not to commit sexual offenses by following their eyes and their hearts so that they take wives for themselves from the Canaanite women, because the descendants of Canaan will be uprooted from the earth. 5 He told them about the punishment of the giants and the punishment of Sodom — how they were condemned because of their wickedness; because of the sexual impurity, uncleanness, and corruption among themselves they died in their sexual impurity. 6 ‘Now you keep yourselves from all sexual impurity and uncleanness and from all the contamination of sin so that you do not make our name into a curse, your entire lives into a reason for hissing and all your children into something that is destroyed by the sword. Then you will be accursed like Sodom, and all who remain of you like the people of Gomorrah.
Jude 1:7
New Testament
5 Now I desire to remind you (even though you have been fully informed of these facts once for all) that Jesus, having saved the people out of the land of Egypt, later destroyed those who did not believe. 6 You also know that the angels who did not keep within their proper domain but abandoned their own place of residence, he has kept in eternal chains in utter darkness, locked up for the judgment of the great Day. 7 So also Sodom and Gomorrah and the neighboring towns, since they indulged in sexual immorality and pursued unnatural desire in a way similar to these angels, are now displayed as an example by suffering the punishment of eternal fire. 8 Yet these men, as a result of their dreams, defile the flesh, reject authority, and insult the glorious ones.
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Notes and References
... Another example of one document being influenced by many writings, oral traditions, or well-known formulae is found in Jude 5-7, which refers to three examples of those who were faithless: the unfaithful ones who fell back and desired to return to Egypt (verse 5), the angels who fell from heaven (verse 6), and the inhabitants of Sodom and Gomorrah (verse 7). Bauckham argues correctly that the author of Jude 'has drawn on a traditional schema in which such examples were listed.' The popular tradition — probably not a schema — is found especially prominently in Ben Sira, the Cairo Damascus Document, 3 Maccabees, the Mishnah (Sanhedrin), Jubilees, and the Testament of Naphtali. The unfaithful followers of Moses are mentioned in Ben Sira, Cairo Damascus Document, and mSanhedrin. The reference to the fallen angels, called the Watchers, or their sons (the giants), occurs in Ben Sira, Cairo Damascus Document, 3 Maccabees, Jubilees, and the Testament of Naphtali. Sodom and Gomorrah appear in each of them, except the Cairo Damascus Document. Jude's order, however, is not paralleled in any of these documents; the author inherited it from traditions he learned in the synagogue, in the home, or elsewhere. ...
Charlesworth, James H.
The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha and the New Testament: Prolegomena for the Study of Christian Origins
(p. 80) Cambridge University Press, 1985
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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