Texts in Conversation

Habakkuk describes a righteous person who lives by their faithfulness. Paul in Galatians reshapes this verse to build an argument that prioritizes faith in Jesus instead of following the Torah for Gentile believers.
Share:
2500 BCE
1000+ CE

Habakkuk 2:4

Hebrew Bible
3 For the message is a witness to what is decreed; it gives reliable testimony about how matters will turn out. Even if the message is not fulfilled right away, wait patiently; for it will certainly come to pass—it will not arrive late. 4 Look, the one whose desires are not upright will faint from exhaustion, but the person of integrity will live because of his faithfulness. 5 Indeed, wine will betray the proud, restless man! His appetite is as big as Sheol’s; like death, he is never satisfied. He gathers all the nations; he seizes all peoples.
Date: 6th Century B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)

Galatians 3:11

New Testament
10 For all who rely on doing the works of the law are under a curse because it is written, “Cursed is everyone who does not keep on doing everything written in the book of the law.” 11 Now it is clear no one is justified before God by the law because the righteous one will live by faith. 12 But the law is not based on faith, but the one who does the works of the law will live by them.
Date: 54-55 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Search:

Notes and References

#5534
“... Leviticus 18:5 resonates with Habakkuk 2:4. Paul does not cite Habakkuk 2:4 near Romans 10:5, but he echoes its key phrase three times in the immediate context and speaks repeatedly of its subject matter–the act of God in Christ that gifts life to the world (i.e., δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ). He does juxtapose these texts explicitly in Galatians 3:11–12, where he has sculpted them into a parallel stylistic form (an arthrous substantive, an identical verb, and a key instrumental prepositional phrase). And that juxtaposition is antithetical. Moreover, Paul negates a scriptural endorsement of “doing the law” in Galatians 3 not once but twice (and this total does not include his other negations of “works of law”). These considerations point to an important exegetical judgment. The citation of Leviticus 18:5 in Romans 10:5 is a programmatic summary of Israel’s own righteousness that she “seeks to establish” over against the righteous saving act by God in Christ ...”
Campbell, Douglas A. The Deliverance of God: An Apocalyptic Rereading of Justification in Paul (p. 1106) William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2009

* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.

Your Feedback:

Leave a Comment

Do you have questions or comments about these texts? Please submit them here.

Anonymous comments are welcome. All comments are subject to moderation.

Find Similar Texts

Search by the same Books

Search by the same Reference

Compare the same Books

Compare the same Text Groups

Glossary

Go to Intertext