Texts in Conversation
Micah asks “why are you now shouting so loudly?” addressing a present crisis. The Greek Septuagint changes this to “why did you learn evil things?” shifting the question from a present battle cry to a past accusation of sin.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Micah 4:9
Hebrew Bible
8 As for you, watchtower for the flock, fortress of Daughter Zion—your former dominion will be restored, the sovereignty that belongs to Daughter Jerusalem.” 9 Jerusalem, why are you now shouting so loudly? Has your king disappeared? Has your wise leader been destroyed? Is this why pain grips you as if you were a woman in labor? 10 Twist and strain, Daughter Zion, as if you were in labor! For you will leave the city and live in the open field. You will go to Babylon, but there you will be rescued. There the Lord will deliver you from the power of your enemies.
LXX Micah 4:9
Septuagint
8 And you, O dry tower of a flock, the daughter of Zion, to you will come and will enter the first ruler, a kingdom out of Babylon, for the daughter of Jerusalem. 9 And now for what purpose did you learn evil things? Was there no king for you? Or was your will destroyed because pains of childbirth overcame you like a woman giving birth? 10 Be in labor, and be valiant, and draw near, O daughter of Zion, like a woman giving birth, because now you will go out of the city, and you will settle in a plain, and you will come as far as Babylon; from there the Lord, your God, will rescue you from the hand of your enemies.
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Notes and References
"... The translator read תֵּדְעִי “you will know” or הוֹדִיעִי “you will make known” for תָּרִיעִי “raise a shout” (common resh/dalet confusion in the Assyrian square script or paleo-Hebrew script and missed yod or added waw). This mistake was likely influenced by reading רַע “evil, bad” for רֵעַ “a shout.” The two qatals אָבַד “he perished” and הֶחֱזִיקָךְ “it has seized you” influenced how the translator rendered tense in ἔγνως “you knew” and μὴ βασιλεὺς οὐκ ἦν σοι “was there no king for you?” Though the adverb of negation אֵין “there is/was not” can be used for past time, in the context the Hebrew would be most naturally understood in present time. However, the translator took advantage of the grammatical ambiguity to clarify the time reference for the target audience ..."
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